Практические задания (ПЗ) в ММУ по предмету Теоретическая грамматика (1/1)
Методические рекомендации для выполнения практических заданий
В рамках практических занятий студенты выполняют практические задания, и их выполнение является обязательным для получения положительной оценки по дисциплине.
Данная практика предусматривает:
1) выполнение заданий в течение всего учебного семестра до окончания срока представления письменных (курсовых) работ (сроки см. в графике работы в семестре);
2) оформление заданий в электронном виде, загрузку и размещение в соответствующий раздел дисциплины;
3) обязательно наличие титульного листа (см. бланк титульного листа на странице дисциплины);
4) все практические оформляются одним файлом и прикрепляются;
5) выполнение заданий оценивается преподавателем по критериям «Выполнено/Не выполнено» в течение всего семестра.
Возврат файла на доработку возможен только 1 раз в сроки загрузки письменных (курсовых) работ.
6) Для получения отметки «выполнено» достаточно выполнить ОДНО практическое задание (студент выбирает вариант практического задания самостоятельно). При выполнении задания комментарий можно давать на русском языке.
Практические задания в ММУ постоянно меняют: если Ваше ПЗ отличается, пишите нам, скорее всего у нас есть уже новое!
Практическая работа
Вариант 1
1. Comment on the actual division of the following sentences and the language
means used:
1) There was a studio couch and on the studio couch lay a man (Chandler).
2) There are several dialects in England.
3) Only then he realized the truth.
4) Chopra has the look of a guru who has arrived. And arrived he has (Time).
5) Appeal and fear were in his glance.
6) It was at that moment that I realized the truth.
7) «Albert, there’s Mrs. Forrester to see you.» (Maugham)
8) «Both in prose and verse you are absolutely first class.» (Maugham)
2. Define the communicative sentence type and speech-act characteristics of the
given sentences, dwell on the actual division patterns used in them:
1. «You’d better put on your coat, Albert.» (Maugham)
2. «What on earth do you mean by that?» (Maugham)
3. Why don’t you write a good thrilling detective story? (Maugham)
4. «But you must play fair with your reader, my dear.» (Maugham)
3. Образуйте формы множественного числа следующих существительных;
объедините их в следующие группы:
1) регулярные продуктивные формы множественного числа;
2) супплетивные формы;
3) формы с архаичными суффиксами;
4) формы с заимствованными суффиксами;
5) формы множественного числа, омонимичные формам единственного числа.
Некоторые существительные могут иметь две формы множественного числа;
объясните разницу в значениях подобных «грамматических дублетов»:
foot, crisis, child, horse, stimulus, deer, louse, formula, man, pupil, ox, brother, cloth,
terminus, trout, cow, swine, datum, goose, virtuoso, sheep, cactus, antenna, leaf
4. Объедините в группы:
1) исчисляемые существительные;
2) существительные singularia tantum;
3) существительные pluralia tantum
army, cavalry, crowd, courage, peace, tongs, advice, peasantry, evidence, family,
money, hair, wages, acoustics.
5. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given
words are grouped.
MODEL: insensible — incapable The morphs «-ible» and «-able» are in complementary
distribution, as they have the same meaning but are different in their form which is
explained by their different environments.
a) impeccable, indelicate, illiterate, irrelevant;
b) undisputable, indisputable;
c) published, rimmed;
d) seams, seamless, seamy.
6. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution.
MODEL: worked — bells — tells -fells — telling — spells — spelled — spelt -felled — bell.
spells — spelled: the allomorphs «-s» and «-ed» are in contrastive distribution (= fells —
felled); bell — bells: the allomorph «-s» and the zero allomorph are in contrastive
distribution; spelt — spelled: the allomorphs «-t» and «-ed» are in non-contrastive
distribution; worked — spelled: the allomorphs «-ed» [t] and «-ed» [d] are in
complementary distribution, etc.
1. burning — burns — burned — burnt;
2. dig — digs — digging — digged — dug — digger;
3. light — lit — lighted — lighting — lighter;
4. worked — working — worker — workable — workoholic.
7. Define the types of the clauses making up the following sentences:
1. As her invitation was so pressing, and observing that Carrie wished to go, we
promised we would visit her the next Saturday week (Grossmith).
2. Lupin, whose back was towards me, did not hear me come in. (Grossmith).
3. I rather disapprove of his wearing a check suit on a Sunday, and I think he ought
to have gone to church this morning (Grossmith).
4. It irritated the youth that his elder brother should be made something of a hero by
the women, just because he didn’t live at home and was a lace-designer and
almost a gentleman (Lawrence).
5. But Alfred was something of a Prometheus Bound, so the women loved him
(Lawrence).
6. She hated him in a despair that shattered her and broke her down, so that she
suffered sheer dissolution like a corpse, and was unconscious of everything save
the horrible sickness of dissolution that was taking place within her, body and
soul (Lawrence).
7. Strange as my circumstances were, the terms of this debate are as old and
commonplace as man (Stevenson).
8. Then, as the endless moment was broken by the maid’s terrified little cry, he
pushed through the portieres into the next room (Fitzgerald).
9. La Falterona watched him scornfully as he groveled on the floor (Maugham).
8. Define the type of the subject and the predicate of the following sentences:
1. The door was opened by a scraggy girl of fifteen with long legs and a tousled
head (Maugham).
2. «We’ve been married for 35 years, my dear. It’s too long.» (Maugham)
3. I should merely have sent for the doctor (Maugham).
4. Mrs. Albert Forrester began to be discouraged (Maugham).
5. «Who is Corrinne?» «It’s my name. My mother was half French.» «That explains
a great deal.» (Maugham)
6. I could never hope to please the masses (Maugham).
7. The coincidence was extraordinary (Maugham).
8. Why should the devil have all the best tunes? (Maugham)
9. No one yet has explored its potentialities (Maugham).
10. I’m fearfully late (Maugham).
9. Define the types of syntactical relations between the constituents of the
following word combinations: 1. saw him, 2. these pearls, 3. insanely jealous.
10. Paraphrase the following circumlocutions using word combinations of the
pattern Adj + N:
1. insects with four wings,
2. youths with long hair,
3. a substance that sticks easily,
4. a colour that is slightly red,
5. manners typical of apes,
11. Point out participle I, gerund and verbal noun in the following sentences:
1. In the soul of the minister a struggle awoke. From wanting to reach the ears of Kate
Swift, and through his sermons to delve into her soul, he began to want also to look
again at the figure lying white and quiet in the bed (Anderson).
2. That was where our fishing began (Hemingway).
3. But she didn’t hear him for the beating of her heart (Hemingway).
4. Henry Marston’s trembling became a shaking; it would be pleasant if this were the
end and nothing more need be done, he thought, and with a certain hope he sat
down on a stool. But it is seldom really the end, and after a while, as he became too
exhausted to care, the shaking stopped and he was better (Fitzgerald).
12. Account for the use of the Complex Subject and Complex Object
constructions:
1. He heard a woman say in French that it would not astonish her if that
commenced to let fall the bombs (Fitzgerald).
2. Over her shoulder, Michael saw a man come toward them to cut in (Fitzgerald).
3. It did the trick for Thomas Wolfe as long as he lived, and for a lot of others, too,
but exuberance seems to stop when a man gets past his middle thirties, or the
man himself stops (Saroyan).
4. He had expected the man to look like a giant, and to act something like one, but
the old writer had looked like a bewildered child… (Saroyan).
5. All cocktail parties are alike in that the idea is to drink and talk, but every party
is made special and unique by the combinations of people who happen to be at
them (Saroyan).
13. Open the brackets using the forms of degrees of comparison:
1. It is much (pleasant) to go bathing in bright weather than on a rainy day.
2. I’m sure he is the (true) friend I have.
3. He felt even (unhappy) after what he had heard.
4. It is (true) to say that Australian English is (little) influenced by American than
British English.
5. It was the (glad) day of her life.
14. Intensify the expressiveness of the utterances:
1. You have been kind to me, I appreciate this.
2. His position in the firm is better now than before.
15. Define the language means used to mark the gender distinctions of the nouns:
1. The tom-cat was sleeping on the window-sill.
2. Australia and her people invoke everyone’s interest.
3. Next week we are going to speak about the continent of Australia: its climate and
nature.
4. The tale says that the Mouse was courageous, he never let down his friends when
they were in danger.
5. Something is wrong with my car I can’t start her.
Контрольные вопросы для письменного ответа
1. Опишите язык как системно-структурное образование.
2. Охарактеризуйте знаковый характер языка.
3. Дайте определение понятию оппозиции в грамматике. Типы оппозиций.
4. Охарактеризуйте грамматическую форму, грамматическое значение,
грамматическую категорию.
5. Опишите характерные черты строя современного английского языка.
6. Дайте определение понятиям синтетизм и аналитизм в английском языке.
7. Охарактеризуйте аналитические формы. Критерии АФ.
8. Обоснуйте проблему классификации частей речи.
9. Опишите нетрадиционные части речи в английском языке.
10. Охарактеризуйте служебные части речи.
11. Охарактеризуйте взаимодействие частей речи в английском языке.
12. Обоснуйте проблему падежа английского существительного.
13. Опишите категории наклонения.
14. Охарактеризуйте видовременную систему английского глагола.
15. Опишите категорию залога.
16. В чем заключается сущность теории словосочетания в отечественной и
зарубежной лингвистике?
17. Опишите классификацию словосочетаний.
18. Охарактеризуйте предложение как основную единицу синтаксиса.
19. Опишите основные категории предложения.
20. Опишите ядерные предложения английского языка.
21. Охарактеризуйте принципы классификации предложений.
Практическая работа
Вариант 2
1. Comment on the actual division of the following sentences and the language
means used:
1) On the wizened face of Oscar Charles was a whimsical look (Maugham).
2) She must leave no stones unturned (Maugham).
3) It was latish in the afternoon next day when Albert Forrester… set out from her
flat in order to get a bus from the Marble Arch… (Maugham).
4) «I’ve always taken care to make you share in all my interests.» (Maugham)
5) «Well, my dear, what have you to say to me?» (Maugham)
6) And a very nice cosy place it is (Maugham).
7) «Often at your parties I’ve had an almost irresistible impulse to take off all my
clothes just to see what would happen.» (Maugham)
8) «What I say is, Albert’s worked long enough.» (Maugham)
2. Define the communicative sentence type and speech-act characteristics of the
given sentences, dwell on the actual division patterns used in them:
1. «But you must play fair with your reader, my dear.» (Maugham)
2. «I will submit to your decision. But you think over the detective story.»
(Maugham) 6. «I suppose /was asked?» he barked. «Well, in point of fact you
weren’t.» (Maugham)
3. «Were you bored, dear?» «Stiff.» (Maugham)
3. Образуйте формы множественного числа следующих существительных;
объедините их в следующие группы:
1) регулярные продуктивные формы множественного числа;
2) супплетивные формы;
3) формы с архаичными суффиксами;
4) формы с заимствованными суффиксами;
5) формы множественного числа, омонимичные формам единственного числа.
Некоторые существительные могут иметь две формы множественного числа;
объясните разницу в значениях подобных «грамматических дублетов»:
foot, crisis, child, horse, stimulus, deer, louse, formula, man, pupil, ox, brother, cloth,
terminus, trout, cow, swine, datum, goose, virtuoso, sheep, cactus, antenna, leaf
4. Объедините в группы:
1) исчисляемые существительные;
2) существительные singularia tantum;
3) существительные pluralia tantum
army, cavalry, crowd, courage, peace, tongs, advice, peasantry, evidence, family,
money, hair, wages, acoustics.
5. Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given
words are grouped.
MODEL: insensible — incapable The morphs «-ible» and «-able» are in complementary
distribution, as they have the same meaning but are different in their form which is
explained by their different environments.
a) impeccable, indelicate, illiterate, irrelevant;
b) undisputable, indisputable;
c) published, rimmed;
d) seams, seamless, seamy.
6. Group the words according to a particular type of morphemic distribution.
MODEL: worked — bells — tells -fells — telling — spells — spelled — spelt -felled — bell.
spells — spelled: the allomorphs «-s» and «-ed» are in contrastive distribution (= fells —
felled); bell — bells: the allomorph «-s» and the zero allomorph are in contrastive
distribution; spelt — spelled: the allomorphs «-t» and «-ed» are in non-contrastive
distribution; worked — spelled: the allomorphs «-ed» [t] and «-ed» [d] are in
complementary distribution, etc.
1. mice, leapt, appendices, kittens, cats, witches, leaping, children, leaped, leaps,
formulae, stimuli, matrices, sanatoria;
2. geese, dogs, chickens, deer, mats, bade, bid, phenomena, formulae, formulas,
genii, geniuses, scissors;
3. genera, brethren, brothers, trout, gestures, blessed, blest, tins, pots, matches,
antennae, antennas;
4. anthems, classes, lice, handkerchiefs, handkerchieves, bereft, bereaved, grouse,
cleaved, cleft, clove.
7. Define the types of the clauses making up the following sentences:
1. In fact, it is he who had bought her the luxurious little villa in which we were
now sitting (Maugham).
2. When he gained the crest of the Magazine Hill he halted and looked along the
river towards Dublin, the lights of which burned redly and hospitably in the cold
night (Joyce).
3. He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense
than he had ever done (Joyce).
4. It was a long white stocking, but there was a little weight in the toe (Lawrence).
5. Whiston had made the fire burn, so he came to look for her (Lawrence).
6. She slowly, abstractedly, as if she did not know anyone was there, closed the
door in his face, continuing to look at the addresses on her letters (Lawrence).
7. She hung her arms round his neck as he crouched there, and clung to him
(Lawrence).
8. She remained clinging round his neck, so that she was lifted off her feet
(Lawrence).
9. He would be miserable all the day if he went without (a kiss) (Lawrence).
10. She was self-conscious, and quite brilliantly winsome, when the baker came,
wondering if he would notice (Lawrence).
8. Define the type of the subject and the predicate of the following sentences:
1. I could never hope to please the masses (Maugham).
2. The coincidence was extraordinary (Maugham).
3. Why should the devil have all the best tunes? (Maugham)
4. No one yet has explored its potentialities (Maugham).
5. I’m fearfully late (Maugham).
9. Define the types of syntactical relations between the constituents of the
following word combinations: 1. saw him, 2. these pearls, 3. insanely jealous.
10. Paraphrase the following circumlocutions using word combinations of the
pattern Adj + N:
1. a chain covered with gold leaf,
2. publications that appear regularly every year,
3. relations like those between brothers,
4. behaviour typical of men,
5. a colour like that of a human body
11. Point out participle I, gerund and verbal noun in the following sentences:
1. Going downstairs, looking as alert and self-possessed as any other officer of the
bank, he spoke to two clients he knew, and set his face grimly toward noon
(Fitzgerald).
2. He was not by any means an imbecile: he was devoted to the theatre; he read old
and new plays all the time; and he had a flair for confessing earnestly that he was a
religious man, and frequently found peace by kneeling in prayer (Saroyan).
3. She was delighted with his having performed for her alone, with his having had her
seat removed from the gallery and placed in his dressing room, with the roses he
had bought for her, and with being so near to him (Saroyan).
4. Something essential had been absent from his voice when he had made the remark,
for the girl replied by saying she wished she had taken homemaking and cooking at
Briarcliff instead of English, math, and zoology (Saroyan).
12. Account for the use of the Complex Subject and Complex Object
constructions:
1. It did the trick for Thomas Wolfe as long as he lived, and for a lot of others, too,
but exuberance seems to stop when a man gets past his middle thirties, or the
man himself stops (Saroyan).
2. He had expected the man to look like a giant, and to act something like one, but
the old writer had looked like a bewildered child… (Saroyan).
3. All cocktail parties are alike in that the idea is to drink and talk, but every party
is made special and unique by the combinations of people who happen to be at
them (Saroyan).
13. Open the brackets using the forms of degrees of comparison:
1. She closed the door (hastily) than I had expected.
2. The (much) you read the (soon) you enlarge your vocabulary.
3. The boy’s ambition was to become a pilot and fly (high) and (fast) of all.
4. Many suggested that we should go (far) into the forest.
5. The patient breathed (hard).
14. Intensify the expressiveness of the utterances:
1. If you try to press him, the situation will not be easier for you.
2. Davy was the more talented of the two brothers.
15. Define the language means used to mark the gender distinctions of the nouns:
1. I saw a car left on the beach; its windows were broken.
2. They have got five cows and a bull, two cocks and three dozen hens, a drake and
ten ducks.
3. His new yacht is very expensive; he paid about a million dollars for her.
4. A woman-doctor was to operate on the patient.
5. A he-goat is more difficult to tame than a she-goat.
Контрольные вопросы для письменного ответа
1. Дайте определение понятию синтаксис предложения.
2. Дайте определение понятию семантика предложения.
3. Дайте определение понятию прагматика предложения.
4. Дайте определение понятию актуальное членение предложения.
5. Опишите единицы АЧ в английском языке.
6. Охарактеризуйте основные семантические роли (падежи).
7. Дайте определение понятию сложное предложение.
8. Опишите виды синтаксической связи и способы их осуществления.
9. Дайте определение понятию валентность.
10. Охарактеризуйте текст как лингвистическое понятие.
11. Обоснуйте связность текста. Уровни проявления связности.
12. Дайте определение понятию актуальное членение текста.
13. Опишите методы лингвистического анализа.
14. Дайте определение понятию пресуппозиция.
15. Дайте определение понятию прагматическое транспонирование
предложений.
16. Опишите классификацию речевых актов.
17. В чем заключается сущность зависимого грамматического значения.
18. Охарактеризуйте структурализм.
19. Охарактеризуйте трансформационную грамматику.
20. Охарактеризуйте функциональную грамматику.
21. Охарактеризуйте социолингвистику.
22. Охарактеризуйте психолингвистику.
