Практические задания (ПЗ) в ММУ по предмету Стилистика (первый иностранный язык) (1/1)
Рекомендации к выполнению практических заданий
Учебным планом предусмотрено прохождение практических занятий по дисциплинам.
В рамках практических занятий студенты выполняют практические задания, следовательно, выполнение указанных заданий является обязательным для получения положительной оценки по дисциплине.
1. Задания рекомендуется выполнять в течение всего учебного семестра до окончания срока представления письменных (курсовых) работ (сроки см. в графике работы в семестре);
2. Выполнение заданий оформляется в письменном виде (текстовый файл с титульным листом (см. бланк титульного листа на странице дисциплины);
3. Файл необходимо загружать в соответствующий раздел дисциплины. По примеру курсовой работы.
4. Выполнение заданий оценивается преподавателем «Выполнено/Не выполнено» в течение всего семестра.
5. Возврат файла на доработку возможен только 1 раз в сроки
загрузки письменных (курсовых) работ.
6. Для получения отметки «выполнено» необходимо выполнить по 10 упражнений на выбор в каждом из двух практических занятий.
Практические задания в ММУ постоянно меняют: если Ваше ПЗ отличается, пишите нам, скорее всего у нас есть уже новое!
Практическая работа № 1
Упражнение 1. Определите стилистическую маркированность следующих
синонимов.
• Dad — father — sire
• Chap — man — individual
• Nonsense — absurdity — rot — trash
• Currency — money — dough
Упражнение 2. Проанализируйте случаи употребления метафоры в
следующих отрывках.
1. His voice was a dagger of corroded brass. (Lewis)
2. He was at least seventy, but the dark green eyes danced with intensity and missed
nothing. (Grisham)
3. Sunshine, the old clown, rims the room. (Updike)
4. The Senator…was one of the great stones in the Don’s power structure… (Puzo)
Упражнение 3. Определите тип отношений между объектами в следующих
случаях употребления метонимии.
1. I … came to the place where the Stars and Stripes stood shoulder to shoulder with the
Union Jack. (Steinbeck)
2. For several days he took an hour after his work to make inquiry taking with him
some examples ofhis pen and ink. (Dreiser)
3. He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I. Shaw)
Упражнение 4. Объясните пути реализации иронии в следующих примерах.
1. Last time it was a nice, simple, European-style war. (I. Shaw)
2. Mr Vholes is a very respectable man. He has not a large business, but he is a very
respectable man. He is allowed, by the greater attorneys to be a most respectable man. He
never misses a chance in his practice which is a mark of respectibility, he never takes any
pleasure, which is another mark of respectability. His digestion is impaired which is highly
respectable. (Dickens)
Упражнение 5. Выделите стилистические средства, основанные на
использовании различных типов лексических значений.
1. The slash of sun on the wall above him slowly knives down, cuts across his chest,
becomes a coin on the floor, and vanishes. (Updike)
2. «The business I am in is the coming thing, the wave of the future.» (Puzo)
3. The praise was enthusiastic enough to have delighted any common writer who earns
his living by his pen. (Maugham)
4. «Never mind,» said the stranger, cutting the address very short, «said enough — no
more; smart chap that cabman — handled his fives well; but if I’d been your friend in the
green jemmy — damn me — punch his head -, Cod I would — pig’s whisper — pieman too, — no
gammon.» This coherent speech was interrupted by the entrance of the Rochester coachman,
to announce that…» (Dickens)
5. The road twists more and more wildly in its struggle to gain height and then without
warning sheds its skin of asphalt and worms on in dirt. (Updike)
Упражнение 6. Проанализируйте различные случаи игры слов, объясните
создание каждого из стилистических приёмов.
1. She possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart. (O. Henry)
2. After a while and a cake he crept nervously to the door of the parlour. (Tolkien)
3. When Bishop Berkley said: «There is no matter» and proved it — it was no matter
what he said. (Byron)
4. May’s mother always stood on her gentility, and Dot’s mother never stood on
anything but her active little feet. (Dickens)
5. Dorothy, at my statement, had clapped her hand over her mouth to hold down
laughter and chewing gum. (Barth)
Упражнение 7. Проанализируйте примеры антономазии, определите
дополнительную информацию, передаваемую данным стилистическим приёмом.
1. There are three doctors in an illness like yours. Dr Rest, Dr Diet and Dr Fresh air.
(Cusack)
2. He looked at himself in the glass. Here, then, was a modern Hercules — very distinct
from that unpleasant naked figure with plenty of muscles, brandishing a club. (Christie)
Упражнение 8. Установите, какие из приведённых ниже определений
являются эпитетами.
1. He doesn’t intend ever to see Brewer again, that flower-pot city. (Updike)
2. It was a friendly-good-bye sort of bow, not a servant’s bow. (Puzo)
3. whispered the spinster aunt with true spinster-aunt-like envy. (Dickens)
4. He grinds his foot down as if to squash this snake of a road. (Updike)
Упражнение 9. Определите значение и структуру оксюморонов в следующих
предложениях.
1. Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield are Good Bad boys of American literature. (Vallins)
2. He behaved pretty lousily to Jan. (Cusack)
3. There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books. (Waugh)
4. It was an open secret that Ray had been ripping his father-in-law off. (Uhnak)
Упражнение 10. Разграничьте два типа сопоставления — метафору и
сравнение.
1. It was an unforgettable face, and a tragic face. Its sorrow welled out of it as purely,
naturally and unstoppably as water out of a woodland spring. (Fowles)
2. She stood there up on her toes, poised like a deer to run. (Puzo)
3. Every man has somewhere in the back of his head the wreck of a thing which he
calls his education. My book is intended to embody in concise form these remnants of early
instruction. (Leacock)
4. But no, his goal is the white sun of the south like a great big pillow in the sky.
(Updike)
5. The baker, Nazorine, pudgy and crusty as his great Italian loaves, still dustywith
flour, scowled at his wife. (Puzo)
6. Love, free as air, at sight of human ties,
Spreads his light wings, and in a moment flies. (Pope)
Упражнение 11. Найдите перифразированные части предложения.
Определите тип перифраза, включая эвфемистический.
1. The villages were full of women who did nothing but fight against dirt and hunger
and repair the effects of friction on clothes. (Bennet)
2. I am thinking an unmentionable thing about your mother. (I. Shaw)
3. «Did you see anything in Mr Pickwick’s manner and conduct towards the opposite
sex to induce you to believe all this?» (Dickens)
4. He was a boy of perhaps six years. His trousers had been lowered for an obvious
purpose and had only been pulled back half-way. (Gilbert)
Упражнение 12. Проанализируйте примеры употребления гиперболы,
преуменьшения и литоты с точки зрения их структуры, семантики и функции.
1. Calpurnia was all angles and bones; her hand was as wide as a bed slat and twice as
hard. (Lee)
2. They were under a great shadowy train shed … with passenger cars all about and the
train moving at a snail pace. (Dreiser)
3. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Fitzgerald)
4. Newspapers are the organs of individual men who have jockeyed themselves to be
party leaders, in countries where a new party is born every hour over a glass of beer in the
nearest cafe. (Reed)
5. The rain had thickened, fish could have swum through the air. (Capote)
Упражнение 13. Определите случаи употребления и функцию таких
синтаксических стилистических приёмов, как обособление, параллелизм и
хиазм, в следующих примерах.
1. These times are past, our joys are gone, you leave me, leave this happy vale. (Byron)
2. Hagen’s voice, still low, said, «The Don wants you in his office. Now.» (Puzo)
3. And though the sun was warmer near the beach, the air was certainly lighter. The sky
was clearer. The world was pretty again. (Grisham)
4. That he sings and he sings, and for ever sings he — I love my Love, and my Love
loves me! (Coleridge)
5. His dislike of her grew because he was ashamed of it. Resentment bred shame, and
shame bred more resentment. (Huxley)
Упражнение 14. Определите тип повтора как стилистического средства в
следующих предложениях.
1. «I’m serious, y’know», he declared now, with the same dreary solemnity. «I’m not
joking. You get me that job out there as soon as you can. I’m serious.» (Priestly)
2. I might as well face facts; good-bye Susan, good-bye a big car, goodbye a big house,
good-bye power, good-bye the silly handsome dreams. (Braine)
3. Friendship is everything. Friendship is more than talent. (Puzo)
4. Never wonder. By means of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, settle
everything somehow, and never wonder. (Dickens)
5. The road is broad and confident for miles, but there is a sudden patched stretch, and
after that it climbs and narrows. Narrows not so much by plan as naturally, the edges
crumbling in and the woods on either side crowding down. (Updike)
6. Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led, in the final stages, to the
smells and stagnation of B. Inn Alley. (D. du Maurier)
Упражнение 15. Проанализируйте стилистические фигуры, основанные на
особой лексико-синтаксической организации высказывания (перечислении,
нарастании, антитезе, оттягивании), с точки зрения их стилистической функции.
1. Rabbit pulls out the emergency brake and studies his map. There are so many red
lines and blue lines, long names, little towns, squares and circles and stars. (Updike)
2. he, Mitchell J. McDeere, a poor kid with no family, had much to be happy about.
Beautiful wife, new house, new car, new job, new Harvard degree. (Grisham)
3. It (the book) has a — a — power, so to speak, a very exceptional power; in fact, one
may say, without exaggeration it is the most powerful book of the month. (Leacock)
4. Doolittle. I’ve no hold on her. I got to be agreeable to her. I got to give her presents. I
got to buy her clothes. I am a slave to that woman. (B. Shaw)
5. Music makes one feel so romantic — at least it gets on one’s nerves, which is the same
thing nowadays. (Wilde)
6. She moves into the kitchen, angry but not angry enough. She should be really sore,or
not sore at all, since all he had said was what he had done a couple hundred times. Maybe a
thousand times. Say, on the average once every three days since 1956. (Updike)
Упражнение 16. Установите стилистические функции синтаксических
выразительных средств, основанных на особом использовании структурных
значений.
1. And it was so unlikely that any one would trouble to look there — until — until — well.
(Dreiser)
2. «What about the gold bracelet she’d been wearing that afternoon? Had Steve given
her that? And if he had. » (Quentin)
3. Mac looked at me with some distaste. «I’m not a religious man». He spat. «But I don’t
go around knocking God. There’s too much risk in it». — «Risk of what?» — «Why, when you
die — you know.» Now he was disgusted and angry. (Reed)
4. He was shouting out that he’d come back, that his mother had better have the money
ready for him. Or else! That is what he said: «Or else!» It was a threat. (Christie)
5. «Well, they’ll get a chance now to show.» — Hastily: «I don’t mean, — but let’s forget
that.» (O’Neill)
6. There was a whisper in my family that it was love drove him out, and not love of the
wife he married. (Steinbeck)
7. «I love Nevada. Why, they don’t even have mealtimes here. I never met so many
people didn’t own a watch.» (Miller)
Упражнение 17. Определите вид дополнительной информации, которую
несут следующие случаи употребления аллитерации, ономатопеи и граффона.
1. He ducks into the Ford and in that fusty hot interior starts to murmur, «Ev, reebody
loves the, cha cha cha.» (Updike)
2. Then, with an enomous, shattering rumble, sludge-puff, sludge-puff, the train came
into the station. (Saxton)
3. «You, lean, long, lanky lath of a lousy bastard!» (O’Casey)
4. «Very bad», Clemenza said. «It means an all-out war with the Tattaglia Family. You
gotta stop them at the beginning.» (Puzo)
5. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. (Coleridge)
6. «So what’re you gonna do, Finn?» Spicer asked without looking». Gimme a break.»
(Grisham)
7. The Italian trio tut-tutted their tongues at me. (Capote)
Упражнение 18. Установите тип функционального стиля в каждом из
отрывков и выделите отличительные черты, указывающие на специфический
характер того или иного стиля.
1. The trees cease to march in rows and grow together more thickly. These are older
trees. The darkness under them is denser and the ground is steeper. Rocks jut up through the
blanket of needles, scabby with lichen; collapsed trunks hold intricate claws across his path.
At places where a hole has been opened up in the roof of evergreen bushes and yellow grass
grow in a hasty sweet-smelling tumble, and midges swarm. These patches, some of them
broad enough to catch a bit of the sun slanting down the mountainside, make the
surrounding darkness darker, and in pausing in them Rabbit becomes conscious, by its
cessation, of a whisper that fills the brown caverns all around him.
2. Consumer spending up, but morale at 4-month low WASHINGTON (Reuters) —
Worries over high unemployment pushed U.S. consumer confidence to a four-month low in
August, while spending rose modestly in July, indicating the economy’s recovery from
recession would be lethargic. The Reuters / University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers
said on Friday its final index of confidence for August fell to 65.7, the lowest since April,
from 66.0 in July. However, sentiment improved from early this month. A separate report
from the Commerce Department showed consumer spending edged up 0.2 percent in July,
driven by the government’s «cash-forclunkers» program that fueled demand for autos, after
increasing 0.6 percent in June. Incomes, however, were flat after a steep 1.1 percent drop in
June, underscoring the pressure on households from falling housing prices and rising
unemployment. «The big driver of the economy is still on the sidelines. The household
sector is worried about the job market and until that shows some significant improvement,
households are going to be pretty restrained,» said Bill Hampel, chief economist at the
Credit Union National Association in Washington.
3. After they drank their coffee Mrs. Corleone took one of Kay’s hands in her two
brown ones. She said quietly, «Mikey no gonna write you, you no gonna hear from Mikey.
He hid two-three years. May be more, maybe much more. You go home to your family and
find a nice young fellow and get married.» Kay took the letter out of her purse. «Will you
send this to him?» The old lady took the letter and patted Kay on the cheek. «Sure, sure,» she
said. .»You forget about Mikey, he no the man for you any more.»
4. In most countries, foreign languages have traditionally been taught for a small
number of hours per week, but for several years. Modern thought on this matter suggests
that telescoping language courses bring a number of unexpected advantages. Thus, it seems
that a course of 500 hours spread over five years is much less effective than the same course
spread over one year, while if it were concentrated into six months it might produce
outstanding results. One crucial factor here is the reduction in opportunities for forgetting;
however, quite apart from the difficulty of making the time in school time-tables when some
other subject would inevitably have to be reduced, there is a limit to the intensity of
language teaching which individuals can tolerate over a protracted period. It is clear that
such a limit exists; it is not known in detail how the limit varies for different individuals, not
for different age-groups, and research into these factors is urgently needed. At any rate, a
larger total number of hours per week and a tendency towards more frequent teaching
periods are the two aspects of intensity which are at present being tried out in many places,
with generally encouraging results.
Упражнение 19. Определите, в каком стиле могут встретиться следующие
фрагменты текстов.
— The process is called photosynthesis.
— The position of war pensioners is said to be kept under close review.
— Seems odd, doesn’t it, fellas? — We are pleased to have received your order.
— The summer sun rising in the east was red.
Stylistic Device Test
Legend: M – metaphor, M/N – metonymy, Ant.- antonomasia, Ep.- epithet, Hyp.- hyperbole,
Ox.- oxymoron, Syn.- synecdoche
№ Stylistic device M M/N Ant Irony Ep. Hyp. Ox. Syn.
1 His voice was a dagger of corroded brass.
2 Apart from splits based on politics, racial,
religious and ethnic backgrounds and specific
personality differences, we’re just one cohesive
team.
3 Ten-thirty is a dark hour in a town where
respectable doors are locked at nine.
4 His mind was alert and people asked him to dinner
not for old times’ sake, but because he was worth
his salt.
5 You cheat, you tricked our son. Took our son with
a scheming trick, Miss Tomboy, Miss Sarcastic,
Miss Sneerface.
6 Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met
such a Gorgon.
7 We talked and talked and talked, easily,
sympathetically, wedding her experience with my
articulation
8 She was a faded white rabbit of a woman.
9 The car which picked me up on that particular
guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine about
seventy-three blocks long.
10 Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield are Good Bad
Boys of American literature.
11 The delicatessen owner was a spry and jolly fifty.
12 It was easier to assume a character without having
to tell so many lies and you brought a fresh eye to
the job.
13 The lift held two people and rose slowly, groaning
with diffidence.
14 He acknowledged the early-afternoon customer
with a be-with-you-in-a-minute nod.
15 She wore a pink hat, the size of a button.
16 Since I left you mine eye is in my mind.
17 She was conscious of joy springing in her heart
18 She is a charming middle-aged lady with a face
like a bucket of mud.
19 He loved the afterswim salt-and-sunshine smell of
her hair.
20 He went about her room looking at her pictures,
her bronzes and clays, asking after their creators.
21 A neon light reads “Welcome to Reno – the
biggest little town in the world”.
22 He caught a ride home to the crowded loneliness
of the barracks.
23 I am the new year. I am an unspoiled page in your
book of time. I am your next chance at the art of
living.
24 Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old.
25 A capital fellow, Grimes; a bounder, you know,
but a capital fellow. Bounders can be capital
fellows; don’t you agree, Colonel Slidebottom.
Практическая работа № 2
Упражнение 1. Определите стилистическую маркированность
следующих синонимов.
• To talk — to converse — to chat
• To leave — to withdraw — to shoot off
• Face — visage — mug — deadpan
• Silence, please! — Stop talking! — Shut up your trap!
Упражнение 2. Проанализируйте случаи употребления метафоры в
следующих отрывках.
1. He smelled the ever-beautiful smell of coffee imprisoned in the can.
(Steinbeck)
2. I met Mac … on New Year’s Eve. He was a breath from home. (J. Reed)
3. The laugh in her eyes died out. (Spillane)
4. His real happiness is a ladder from whose top rung he keeps trying to jump
still higher. (Updike)
5. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to
communicate. (Gilbert)
Упражнение 3. Определите тип отношений между объектами в
следующих случаях употребления метонимии.
1. I have only one good quality — overwhelming belief in the brains and hearts of
our nation, our state, our town. (Lewis)
2. The delicatessen owner was a spry and jolly fifty. (Rawson)
3. His mind was alert and people asked him to dinner not for old times’ sake, but
because he was worth his salt. (Maugham)
Упражнение 4. Объясните пути реализации иронии в следующих
примерах.
1. «They could have killed you too,» he said, his teeth chattering. «If you had
arrived two minutes earlier. Forgive me. Forgive all of us. Dolce Italia. Paradise for
tourists.» He laughed eerily. (I. Shaw)
2. Apart from splits based on politics, racial, religious and ethnic backgrounds
and specific personality differences, we’re just one cohesive team. (Uhnak)
Упражнение 5. Выделите стилистические средства, основанные на
использовании различных типов лексических значений.
1. He went about her room, looking at her pictures, her bronzes and clays, asking
after the creator of this, the painter of that, where a third thing came from. (Dreiser)
2. «Have you at any time been detained in a mental home or similar institution?
If so, give particulars.» — «I was at Scone College, Oxford, for two years,» said Paul.
The doctor looked up for the first time. — «Don’t you dare to make jokes here, my
man,» he said, «or I’ll have you in the strait-jacket in less than no time.» (Waugh)
3. After you practice for six months you realize we’re nothing but hired guns.
(Grisham)
4. Dinah, a slim, fresh, pale eighteen, was pliant and yet fragile. (Holmes)
5. Don Corleone nodded. «Revenge is a dish that tastes best when it is cold,» he
said. (Puzo)
6. Wisdom has reference only to the past. The future remains forever an infinite
field for mistakes. You can’t know beforehand. (Lawrence)
Упражнение 6. Проанализируйте различные случаи игры слов,
объясните создание каждого из стилистических приёмов.
1. There comes a period in every man’s life, but she’s just a semicolon in his.
(Evans) (period in American English means ‘a full stop’)
2. «I’m full of poetry now. Rot and poetry. Rotten poetry». (Hemingway)
3. Did you hit a woman with a child? — No, sir, I hit her with a brick. (Smith)
4. «Someone at the door,» he said, blinking. «Some four, I should say by the
sound,» said Fili. (Tolkien)
5. He had taken three weeks off and a ticket to Mentone. (Galsworthy)
Упражнение 7. Проанализируйте примеры антономазии, определите
дополнительную информацию, передаваемую данным стилистическим
приёмом.
1. In the moon-landing year what choice is there for Mr and Mrs Average — the
programme against poverty or the ambitious NASA project? (The Morning Star)
2. The next speaker was a tall gloomy man. Sir Something Somebody. (Priestley)
Упражнение 8. Установите, какие из приведённых ниже определений
являются эпитетами.
1. In the cold, gray, street-washing, milk-delivering, shutters-coming-off-theshops
early morning, the midnight train from Paris arrived in Strasbourg.
(Hemingway)
2. Little plump women, toy dogs in the street, candy houses in lemon sunshine.
(Updike)
3. Where the devil was heaven? Was it up? Down? There was no up or down in a
finite but expanding universe in which even the vast, burning, dazzling, majestic sun
was in a state of progressive decay that would eventually destroythe earth too.
(Heller)
4. It hits Rabbit depressingly that he really wants to be told. Underneath all this
I-know-more-about-it-than-you heresies-of-the-early-Church business he really wants
to be told about it. (Updike)
5. The poodle-cut girl behind the counter is in his Youth Group. (Updike)
Упражнение 9. Определите значение и структуру оксюморонов в
следующих предложениях.
1. It was an open secret that Ray had been ripping his father-in-law off. (Uhnak)
2. He opened up a wooden garage. The doors creaked. The garage was full of
nothing. (Chandler)
3. Their bitter-sweet union did not last long. (Cronin)
4. Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy; Rozzie was a disease, my
worst friend. (Cary)
Упражнение 10. Разграничьте два типа сопоставления — метафору и
сравнение.
1. His white shirt seems to crawl, like a cluster of glow-worms in grass. (Updike)
2. The hedges, flower beds and grasses were as carefully manicured as a movie
star’s nails. (Puzo)
3. his face is lopsided like a tired baloon. (Updike)
4. He had no appetite for lunch and the muscles of his stomach fluttered as
though a flock of sparrows was beating their wings against his insides. (Wright)
5. The snow wiped out the town’s pretence of being a shelter. The houses were
black specks on a white sheet. (Lewis)
6. He had to be handled as gingerly as dynamite. (Puzo)
Упражнение 11. Найдите перифразированные части предложения.
Определите тип перифраза, включая эвфемистический.
1. they think we have come by this horse in some dishonest manner. (Dickens)
2. Jean nodded without turning and slid between two vermilion coloured buses
so that two drivers simultaneously used the same qualitative word. (Galsworthy)
3. I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War.
(Fitzgerald)
4. «I expect you’d like a wash,» Mrs Thompson said. «The bathroom’s to the right
and the usual offices next to it.» (Braine)
Упражнение 12. Проанализируйте примеры употребления гиперболы,
преуменьшения и литоты с точки зрения их структуры, семантики и
функции.
1. She was a giant of a woman. She carried a mammoth red pocketbook that
bulged throughout as if it were stuffed with rocks. (O’Connor)
2. She wore a pink hat, the size of a button. (Reed)
3. Kirsten said not without dignity: «Too much talking is unwise.» (Christie)
4. Still two weeks of success is definitely not nothing and phone calls were
coming in from agents for a week. (Roth)
Упражнение 13. Определите случаи употребления и функцию таких
синтаксических стилистических приёмов, как обособление, параллелизм и
хиазм, в следующих примерах.
1. Mrs Abbandando pecked at Don Corleone’s cheek, sobbing, wailing. (Puzo)
2. They follow me, you follow them, you follow me, they follow you. (Grisham)
3. She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked exactly like Celia
Briganza’s boy. Around the mouth. (Salinger)
4. She was lovely: all of her — delightful. (Dreiser)
5. If the Don wanted him to show guilt, he would show guilt; if the Don invited
grief, he would lay bare his genuine sorrow. (Puzo)
Упражнение 14. Определите тип повтора как стилистического средства
в следующих предложениях.
1. I wake up and I’m alone and I walk round Warley and I’m alone and I talk with
people and I’m alone and I look at his face when I’m home and it’s dead. (Braine)
2. «You are. You are worse than sneaky. You are like snake, a snake with an
Italian uniform: with a cape around your neck.» (Hemingway)
3. He brought home numberless prizes. He told his mother countless stories.
(Thackeray)
4. And a great desire for peace, peace of no matter what kind, swept through her.
(Bennet)
5. «My voice is so weak. I sing one or two songs and then I can’t sing again for
hours and days. My voice is weak, it’s got some sort of sickness.» (Puzo)
6. «We have all read a statement. we have all, I say, been favoured by perusing a
remark». (Thackeray)
Упражнение 15. Проанализируйте стилистические фигуры,
основанные на особой лексико-синтаксической организации высказывания
(перечислении, нарастании, антитезе, оттягивании), с точки зрения их
стилистической функции.
1. «I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend. (Dickens)
2. Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything
except the obvious. (Wilde)
3. in Carolyn thick and thin, red and blue, health and highstrungness had blended
just right. (Updike)
4. In marriage the upkeep of woman is often the downfall of man. (Evans)
5. But the rest, the neighborhood Black Hand terrorists, the freelance shylocks,
the strong-arm bookmakers operating without the proper, that is to say paid,
protection of the legal authorities, would have to go. (Puzo)
6. In his anxiety to be secret he is delicate on the accelerator and the motor, idle
for hours in the air of an early spring day, is cold, sticks, and stalls. (Updike)
Упражнение 16. Установите стилистические функции синтаксических
выразительных средств, основанных на особом использовании
структурных значений.
1. There was no breeze came through the door. (Hemingway)
2. I went to Oxford as one goes into exile; she to London. (Wells)
3. Ever since he was a young man, the hard life on Earth, the panic of 2130, the
starvation, chaos, riot, want. Then bucking through the planets, the womanless,
loveless years, the alone years. (Bradburry)
4. «The result of an upright, sober and godly life», he laughed. «Plenty of work.
Plenty of exercise.» (Maugham)
5. Then the lights went out, all except the spot on the performers. Flash! Lights
on again, burst of hard hilarity, whirl of shouting words, words, words, rush of
partners to the dance floor, orchestra crashing syncopated breathless idiocy, bodies
swaying and jerking in wild unison. (Reed)
6. Gentleness in passion! What could have been more seductive to the scared,
starved heart of that girl? (Conrad)
7. «Who said you were to keep it up?» (Galsworthy)
Упражнение 17. Определите вид дополнительной информации,
которую несут следующие случаи употребления аллитерации, ономатопеи и
граффона.
1. «Well, I dunno. I’ll show you summat.» (Barstow)
2. «It don’t take no nerve to do somepin when there ain’t nothing else you can do.
We ain’t gonna die out. People is goin’ on — changin’ a little may be — but goin’ right
on.» (Steinbeck)
3. Sense of sin is sense of waste. (Waugh)
4. «The count,» explained the German officer, «expegs you, chentlemen, at eightdirty.»
(Holmes)
5. The quick crackling of dry wood aflame cut through the night. (Heym)
6. «Did the dog do that?» The boy’s face goes rapt at the pantomime. «Like dis»,
he says. (Updike)
7. «Who’s that dear, dim, drunk little man?» (Waugh)
Упражнение 18. Установите тип функционального стиля в каждом из
отрывков и выделите отличительные черты, указывающие на
специфический характер того или иного стиля.
1. Preparing a business plan A business plan is essential to the start-up, growth
and modification of any business whether it be a small private farm or a large state
farm or an agricultural processing facility. The business plan specifically defines the
business. It identifies and clarifies goals and provides the direction for their
achievement. A well- developed plan will serve three primary functions. First, it will
act as a feasibility study. Writing the plan forces the business owner or director to
translate ideas into black and white allowing substantiation and evaluation of the
assumptions upon which the plan is based. It helps to determine the need for, and
proper allocation of resources and, by allowing the owner to look for weak spots and
vulnerabilities, helps reduce the risk of unforeseen complications. Second, the plan
will serve as a management tool. It provides a guide or implementation and standards
against which to evaluate performance. Properly utilised, it can help alert the owner /
manager to potential problems before they become detrimental, and potential
opportunities before they are missed. Third, the plan is the tool for obtaining
financing for the business. Whether seeking bank financing, private domestic or
foreign investors, government financing or venture capital, a detailed, well-drafted
plan is necessary.
2. The noble and learned Earl, Lord Jowitt, made a speech of much
persuasiveness on the second reading raising this point, and today as is natural and
proper, he has again presented with his usual skill, and I am sure with the greatest
sincerity, many of the same considerations. I certainly do not take the view that the
argument in this matter is all on the side. One could not possibly say that when one
considers that there is considerable academic opinion at the present time in favour of
this change, and in view of the fact that there are other countries under the British
Flag where, I understand, there was a change in the law, to a greater or less degree, in
the direction which the noble and learned Earl so earnestly recommends to the House.
But just as I am very willing to accept the view that the case for resisting the noble
Earl’s Amendment is not overwhelming, so I do not think it reasonable that the view
should be taken that the argument is practically and considerably the other way. The
real truth is that, in framing statuary provisions about the law of defamation, we have
to choose the sensible way between two principles, each of which is greatly to be
admitted but both of which run into some conflict.
3. The Supplier guarantees that the goods are in all respects in accordance with
the description, technical conditions and specifications of the order, that they are free
from defects in material, design and workmanship and they conform to the Supplier’s
highest standards. Should the goods prove defective during the period of 12 months
from the date of putting the machine, equipment or instruments into operation but not
more than 18 months from the date of shipment, the Supplier undertakes to remedy
the defects or to replace the faulty goods delivering them c.i.f. Baltic or Black Sea
port at the Buyer’s option, free of charge, or to refund the value of the goods paid by
the Buyer.
4. Optimization — a Basic Viewpoint One of the hallmarks of the economic
theorist’s (and the operations researcher’s) approach to the analysis of business
behavior and business problems is the concept of optimization. In business practice it
is common to see management’s decisions made on the basis of some set of fixed
numbers which are meant to represent the extent of the opportunities open to the firm.
For example, businessmen frequently arrange for market surveys to estimate how
much of their products they will be able to sell in the next year or some other period
in the future. On the basis of such figures, which management seems to treat as fixed
constants (under some such name as «market potential»), it decides how much raw
material to put into inventory, how many salesmen to hire, etc. This sort of reasoning
is the antithesis of the approach of the economic theorist and the operations
researcher. In their analyses, one starts from the position that there is no one fixed
amount of any commodity which buyers are prepared to purchase. Rather, sales will
depend on price, advertising expenditure, and a host of other variables whose values
may be under the businessman’s control. For this reason, the number of salesmen to
be hired should not be based on any fixed estimate of future sales, for the size of the
sales force helps, in turn, to determine the sales volume.
Упражнение 19. Определите, в каком стиле могут встретиться
следующие фрагменты текстов.
— The summer sun rising in the east was red.
— Iraq: From Gunboat Diplomacy to Gunpoint Democracy
— Highly esteemed members of the conference!
— As sales rise, that’s likely to lead to more jobs in the construction industry.
Stylistic Device Test
Legend: M – metaphor, M/N – metonymy, Ant.- antonomasia, Ep.- epithet, Hyp. — hyperbole,
Ox.- oxymoron, Syn.- synecdoche
№ Stylistic device M M/N Ant. Irony Ep. Hyp. Ox. Syn.
1 The man looked a rather old fortyfive,
for he was already going grey.
2 Bookcases covering one wall boasted
a half-shelf of literature.
3 Her painful shoes slipped off.
4 Now let me introduce you – that’s Mr.
What’s his name, you remember him,
don’t you?
5 The rain had thickened, fish could
have swum through the air.
6 He behaved pretty lousily to Jan.
7 …if she has washed her hair since
Coolidge’s second term, I’ll eat my
spare tire, rim and all.
8 The children were very brown and
filthily dirty.
9 He smelled the ever-beautiful smell of
coffee imprisoned in the can
10 Last time it was a nice, simple,
European-style war.
11 “Thief” Pilon shouted. “Dirty pig of
an untrue friend!”
12 We danced on the handkerchief-big
space between the speak-easy tables.
13 For there can live no hatred in thine
eye.
14 Notre Dame squats in the dusk.
15 I wish you’d stop pulling at my arm,
Pennyfeather. Colonel Shybottom and
I are having a conversation.
16 He made his way through the perfume
and conversation.
17 Sprinting towards the elevator he felt
amazed at his own cowardly courage.
18 It was the neighbourhood of the hyena
and the tiger…
19 They walked along, two continents of
experience and feeling, unable to
communicate
20 He did not appear like the same man;
then he was all milk and honey – now
he was all starch and vinegar.
21 There were some bookcases of
superbly unreadable books.
22 Some remarkable pictures in this
room, gentlemen. A Holbein, two Van
Dycks and … a Velasques.
23 “Don’t ask me”, said Mr.Owl Eyes
washing his hands of the whole
matter.
24 His shriveled head bobbed like a dried
pod on his frail stick of a body.
25 He felt the first watery eggs of sweat
moistening the palms of his hands.
