Практикум по культуре речевого общения первого иностранного языка (2/2)

Практические задания (ПЗ) в ММУ по предмету Практикум по культуре речевого общения первого иностранного языка (2/2)

Рекомендации к выполнению практических заданий

Учебным планом предусмотрено прохождение практических занятий по дисциплинам.
В рамках практических занятий студенты выполняют практические задания, следовательно, выполнение указанных заданий является обязательным для получения положительной оценки по дисциплине.

1. Задания рекомендуется выполнять в течение всего учебного семестра до окончания срока представления письменных (курсовых) работ (сроки см. в графике работы в семестре);
2. Выполнение заданий оформляется в письменном виде (текстовый файл с титульным листом (см. бланк титульного листа на странице дисциплины));
3. Файл необходимо загружать в соответствующий раздел дисциплины. По примеру курсовой работы.
4. Выполнение заданий оценивается преподавателем «Выполнено/Не выполнено» в течение всего семестра;
5. Возврат файла на доработку возможен только 1 раз в сроки загрузки письменных (курсовых) работ;
6. Выполнить по выбору обучаемого ТРИ практических занятия. Важно! Выполняем полностью.

Практические задания в ММУ постоянно меняют: если Ваше ПЗ отличается, пишите нам, скорее всего у нас есть уже новое!

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Практическое занятие №1
Тема 6 . Традиции, культура и обычаи народов других стран.
План занятия:
1. English customs and traditions.
2. Free time.
3. English character.
1. English customs.
1.1. Answer the following questions:
1. How do English people spend their free time?
2. Why do we need customs and tradition?
3. What traditions and customs do we have in Russia?
1.2. Read the text.
Traditions make a nation special. They can be old or new, but they are part
of people’s life. Most English love gardens and this is why so many people want
to live in houses more than in flats. It’s a tradition with English people to have
a fireplace in their house. A fireplace is usually made of stone in the wall of a
room. For many years the fireplace was the natural centre of interest in the room.
People may like to sit at a window on a summer day, but in autumn and winter
they like to sit round the fire. In the evening when people come home, they like
to sit round the fireplace. Nowadays the television is becoming the centre of
interest in the room. But in many houses you can still see a fireplace.
English people like animals very much. Pet dogs, cats, birds and other
friends of man have a much better life in Britain than in any other country. In
Britain there are special shops that sell food, clothes and other things for dogs.
There are special places where they bury dogs. The English do all they can to
make animals feel well in their homes and outside their homes too. There are
different societies in England, protecting all sorts of animals. The English
believe that they are the only nation in the world that is really kind to animals.
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Most people in Britain work a five-day week, from Monday to Friday. Schools
are closed on Saturdays.
1.3. Say if the statements are true or false:
1.Most English do not love gardens and this is why many people want to live in in
flats.
2. A fireplace is usually made of marble in the wall of a room.
3. In many English houses you can still see a fireplace.
4. The English believe that they are the only nation in the world that is really kind
to animals.
5. Most people in Britain work a six-day week.
1.4. Answer the questions:
1. What makes a nation special?
2. What is the natural centre of interest in the room of an English house?
3. Where do English people bury dogs?
4. Who protects animals in England?
5. When are schools closed in England?
1.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1. Most English love gardens and this is why so many people…
2. People may like to sit at a window on a summer day, but in autumn and
winter…
3. The English do all they can…
4. There are different societies in England…
5. Most people in Britain work…
1.6 Give a summary of the text.
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2. Free time.
2.1 Answer the following questions:
1. How do the English spend their weekend?
2. What is the best day for parties?
3. What is the family day in England?
2.2 Read the text.
Those who live in town like to go away for the weekend. They may go to
stay in the country or at the sea. Every Englishman loves nature. Those who stay
at home for the weekend do all the jobs they were too busy to do during the
week. Some go shopping on Saturday morning, because the shops in the centre
of big cities usually close at one o’clock in the afternoon on Saturdays and they
are closed all day on Sundays. Saturday evening is the best time for parties,
dances, going to the cinema or theatre. Sunday is a day for inviting friends and
relatives to afternoon tea.
When meeting someone for the first time, it is common to greet them with
a firm handshake in Britain. Verbal greetings are usually enough when meeting
old friends or acquaintances. Among close friends and family, women usually
greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. If you are unsure about what to do —
especially on social occasions — the rule is to observe what other people do and
go with the flow.
If you are invited to dinner or to a party by one of your friends, it is a good
idea not to go empty-handed. A bottle of wine is usually enough. Though if you
don’t drink, don’t let this dissuade you from accepting an invitation. There are a
variety of non-alcoholic drinks you can bring instead, such as sparkling apple
juice, non-alcoholic cider or wine, soft drinks, etc. Small snacks or nibbles (such
as crisps, cake and the like) are another alternative.
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Similarly, if you are invited to someone’s family home —especially, if
this is for the first time or for a meal, bring a small gift. If you dine together,
then a bottle of wine is again ideal, but you could also bring a small gift of
flowers or chocolates instead. These need not be expensive, but the gesture will
be warmly welcomed. To thank your host, a phone call or ‘thank you’ card is a
good idea. Remember that in Britain you can never say ‘please’, ‘thank you’ or
‘sorry’ too often!
2.3 Say if the statements are true or false:
1. The shops in the centre of big cities usually close at five o’clock in the
afternoon on Saturdays.
2. The shops in the centre of big cities are open on Sundays.
3. If you are invited to dinner or to a party in their room by one of your friends,
it is a good idea to go empty-handed.
4. When meeting someone for the first time, it is common not to greet them with
a firm handshake in Britain.
5. To thank your host, a phone call or ‘thank you’ card is a good idea .
2.4 Answer the questions:
1. When is it possible to go shopping in England?
2. When are shops open in England?
3. What is a common way of greeting people in England?
4. What can you bring if you are invited to dinner or to a party?
5. How can you thank the host of a party or dinner?
2.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
6. Those who stay at home for the weekend …
7. Saturday evening is the best time for parties, …
8. Among close friends and family, women usually greet …
9. If you are invited to dinner or to a party …
10. If you dine together, …
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2.6 Render into English:
1. Устное приветствие обычно достаточно при встрече старых друзей или
знакомых.
2. Существуют различные безалкогольные напитки, которые вы можете
принести вместо вина, например, яблочный сок, безалкогольные сидр и
вино, и другие безалкогольные напитки.
3. В Великобритании при встрече с кем-нибудь впервые принято
здороваться крепким рукопожатием.
4. Если вы приглашены на обед или на вечеринку в квартиру одного из
ваших друзей, хорошей идей будет прийти не с пустыми руками.
5. Если вы не пьете, это не повод отказываться от принятия приглашения!
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3. English character.
3.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What are the ways of addressing different people in England?
2. What are popular stereotypes about British people?
3. Is it impolite to jump the queue?
3.2 Read the text.
‘Cheers’ is one of the most commonly used words in Britain. It has two
uses. One is at the pub, where you will hear it said as a toast over drinks. But
you will also hear it said instead of ‘thank you’ or ‘good bye’ or ‘thanks and
good bye’ almost everywhere. Similarly, people will sometimes say ‘you all
right?’ instead of ‘How are you?’.
A final point of note is about to how to address your tutors. As elsewhere,
the general rule of thumb is to address a tutor as ‘Dr.’ or ‘Professor Burton’. But
don’t be surprised if you hear other students referring to their tutor by his/her
first name, or if a tutor invites you to address them by their first name (for
example, ‘John’). This is not unusual in Oxford. To repeat and to avoid any
misunderstanding, the best —and by far the safest— thing for you to do is to
address them as ‘Dr.’ or ‘Professor’, and only if they ask you to do so and you
are sure they won’t mind, then by their first name.
In general, the British are very polite most of the time. ‘Please’ and ‘thank
you’ are among the most commonly used words in Britain. People also have a
tendency to apologize —some would say too much— and so, you will also hear
‘sorry’ and ‘excuse me’ a lot. The popular stereotype of the average British
person is more often than not true —they will say sorry to you, even when it is
in fact you who has accidentally stepped on their toes or bumped into them!
It will not surprise you to know then that queuing, or waiting in line so
that someone who arrived first is served first, is another British near-obsession.
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It is sacrosanct. Seriously! Be it in the pub, at the supermarket or at a bus stop,
people in Britain queue for everything. Pushing in or cutting into a queue is
considered very impolite and you will be heavily frowned upon for doing it. It
is one of the few occasions when the famously reserved British can get visibly
annoyed in public, so do bear it in mind.
In most cases, queues are easy to spot. They tend to be tidy lines of people
waiting. In public places, including shops and restaurants, there will also usually
be a sign —such as ‘Please Wait Here to Be Served’ or ‘Please Queue Here’.
Where it can be a bit tricky is in pubs, where the lines are neither tidy nor so
easy to spot at the bar. The best thing to do is to take note of who was there
before you and wait your turn to be served after them. Bar staff are usually very
good about keeping track of who should be served next.
Finally, punctuality is important in Britain. As a rule, you should arrive on
time for lectures, tutorials and any other appointments. Similarly, if you’ve
arranged to meet someone at a pub, cafe or elsewhere and find yourself running
late or unable to make it, then let the person you are meeting know.
3.3 Say if the statements are true or false :
1. It will not surprise you to know that drinking is another British nearobsession.
2. Pushing in or cutting into a queue is considered polite and you won’t be
frowned upon for doing it.
3. Bar staff do not usually keep track of who should be served next.
4. Punctuality is not that important in Britain.
5. Most people in Britain work a six-day week.
3.4 Answer the questions:
1. What makes a nation special?
2. What is the natural centre of interest in the room of an English house?
3. Where do English people bury dogs?
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4. Who protects animals in England?
5. When are schools closed in England?
3.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1. Most English love gardens and this is why so many people…
2. People may like to sit at a window on a summer day, but in autumn and
winter…
3. The English do all they can…
4. There are different societies in England…
5. Most people in Britain work…
3.6 Give a summary of the text.

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Практическое занятие №3
Тема 7. Спорт. Увлечения и хобби.
План занятия:
1. Sports in Britain.
2. Sports in the USA.
3. Sports in Canada.
1.Sports in Britain.
1.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What sports are popular in Russia?
2. What is your favorite sport?
3. What are the five colours of the Olympic rings?
1.2 Read the text.
Games and competitions involving physical strength, skill, and endurance have
interested people from the earliest times. Competitions involving physical prowess
or simulating combat date from prehistoric times and probably are as old as
community life. Although most ancient peoples took part in such sports as boxing
and wrestling, some developed organized sports. The American Indians, for
example, played games resembling lacrosse, field hockey, and bowling and engaged
in foot racing and horse racing. In the Middle Ages tournaments gained wide
popularity. Jousting was a sport of the nobility; the sport of the common people in
England was archery.
Britain was the first country to organize sport as a national activity. In the
second half of the nineteenth century it organized and exported a number of games,
notably football, rugby football, hockey, lawn tennis, golf and cricket. The initial
purpose behind organized sport was to provide an outlet for youthful energies at
public schools. It was generally believed to have character-building qualities for
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future leaders. But it was not long before local businessmen began to organize
football and other sports as recreational activity for their workforce. Football clubs
quickly sprang up in towns and cities all over Britain, and football was rapidly taken
into working-class culture. The Saturday afternoon match was an occasion which
working-class men would attend, supporting their local team.
From the 1960s the character of football began to change. A fundamental
reason was financial. As match attendances dropped, clubs sought external help from
sponsorship and advertising. The British invented and developed many of the sports
and games played throughout the world; interest and participation have increased as
a result of improved facilities, more time and widespread coverage.
Association football, one of the most popular sports, was first codified and
developed in England during the 19th century. Now all countries hope to compete
for the World Cup.
There are two types of rugby football — the 15-a-side Rugby Union played by
amateurs and the 13-a-side Rugby League played mainly in the North of England by
professionals. The modem form of hockey was started in the 19th century by the
Носkеу Association of England.
Cricket, a summer sport, is played with a small ball covered with leather, a bat
and wickets, by two teams of eleven players each. It is known to have been played
as early as the 1550s and is popular in most of the countries which were once a part
of the British Empire, and in the countries which were temporarily occupied by the
British military. So, besides England, Australia and New Zealand, cricket matches
are held, for example, in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and West Indies.
Golf originated in Scotland and the headquarters of the game is at St. Andrews
on the East coast. The British Open Golf Championship is one the world’s leading
tournaments. Modern lawn tennis originated in England in 1872 and the annual
Wimbledon Championships, widely regarded as the most important of the world
tennis events, were first held in 1877.
Boxing in its modern form dates from 1865 when the Marquess of Queensberry
drew up a set of rules rewarding skill and eliminating much of the brutality that had
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characterized prize-fighting. Administered by the Jockey Club, horse racing takes
two forms — flat (from late March to early November) and steeplechase or hurdle
racing (from August to early June). In flat racing, the horses run on level or flat
ground; in steeplechase they jump over obstacles.
Britain has a large number of sailing events, one of the world’s principal
regattas being held each year at Cowes in the Isle of Wight. The rowing calendar
includes the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Race, the Head of the River
Race and the Henley Regatta, all held on the river Thames. Other important water
sports include swimming and windsurfing. Indoor games such as snooker, darts,
squash and badminton are also popular. In the middle of the 19th century the schools
and colleges in England, followed by similar institutions in the United States, began
a revival of athletics that continues today.
Over a century ago, the novelist Anthony Trollope listed the sports ‘essentially
dear to the English nature’. These included hunting, shooting, rowing and horse
racing. He was referring to the ‘gentleman class’, which through the public school
system established football, rugby and cricket as national games. A class dimension
to sport persists. Hunting, rowing and horse racing, because of the expense involved,
have remained upper-class pastimes. The Henley Regatta, the high point of the
rowing season, Royal Ascot, for horse racing, and polo at Windsor remain pinnacles
of the upper-class summer season. Golf is still to some extent financially segregated
between excusive private clubs and municipal facilities. Football remains essentially
lower class, but with a growing middle-class following. While in Wales rugby has
always been a mass game, in England it has always been more socially exclusive,
with a very high proportion of ex-public school players. Having gone professional,
rugby is bound to become more socially mixed.
Thousands of people devote their leisure time to outdoor and indoor games,
athletics, cycling, mountain climbing, boxing and other sports. Horse-racing, dogracing,
and motor racing are among the most popular sports in Britain.
Another game which was first invented in England is table-tennis which was
already played in about 1880. At first, the game had several strange names: Gossima,
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Whiff Whaff and Ping Pong. It wasn’t until 1926 the International Table Tennis
Association was formed with international championships and rules.
Although the game was invented in England British players don’t have much
chance in international championships. There are all kinds of racing in England —
horse-racing, motor-car racing. Boatrace in England is between Oxford and
Cambridge. It is rowed over a course on the River Thames, and thousands of people
go to watch it. The University boat — race started in 1820 and has been rowed on the
Thames almost every spring since 1836.
1.3Say if the statements are true or false:
1.France was the first country to organize sport as a national activity.
2.The Saturday afternoon match was an occasion which only upper-class men
would attend, supporting their local team.
3.Cricket, a winter sport, is played with a small ball covered with leather, a bat and
wickets, by two teams of eleven players each.
4. Golf originated in Wales.
5. Horse-racing, dog-racing, and motor racing are not the most popular sports in
Britain.
1.4 Answer the following questions:
1. What sports did most ancient people take part in?
2. What was the first country to organize sport as a national activity?
3. What sports were ‘essentially dear to the English nature’?
4. What are other names of table-tennis?
5.When was the International Table Tennis Association formed with international
championships and rules?
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1.5 Render the words and phrases into Russian:
hurdle racing, javelin throwing, luge, calisthenics, fencing, wrestling, checkers,
draughts, chess, squash, to abide by the rules, to violate the rules, to run a lap,
physical prowess, endurance, ancient peoples, lacrosse, jousting, championship,
tournament, steeplechase, obstacles, intercollegiate association, regatta, combative
sports, a bat and wickets.
1.6 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.The initial purpose behind organized sport was to provide …
2. The British invented and developed…
3. Modern lawn tennis originated in England in 1872 and the annual Wimbledon
Championships,…
4. Britain has a large number of sailing events,…
5. Golf is still to some extent financially segregated…
1.7 Give a summary of the text.
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2 Sports in the USA.
2.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What famous US athletes do you know?
2. What sports are popular in the USA?
3. What sport is often called the «national pastime» in the USA?
2.2 Read the text.
Now athletics forms an important part of the educational system in the USA.
There is a vivid distinction between amateur and professional sport in the US.
Athletes engage in amateur athletics for fun, whereas participation in professional
sports is generally done for money as well as pleasure. The Amateur Athletic Union
of the United States and the Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of
America control all amateur sports.
The principal amateur athletic sports in the US are college football and
basketball. Other popular team sports include baseball, hockey and soccer. Among
sports for individual competition are tennis, including table tennis, badminton and
handball; combative sports, such as boxing, fencing and wrestling; water sports,
including swimming, diving and rowing; winter sports, such as skiing and skating;
golf and bowling. The chief professional sports are major-league baseball, basketball
and football; others include boxing, wrestling, golf, tennis and hockey.
Sports in the USA is a complex, many-sided phenomenon. Like many other
aspects of American life sports is one of the most profitable goods on the American
market. It has become a social institution which influences education, economics,
art, international relations.
Many communities maintain tennis courts, swimming pools and golf courses
for public use. Seldom more than an hour’s drive from any American town are
facilities for camping, hiking, fishing, boating, swimming and horseback riding.
Hunting is very popular in the USA and is pursued over large areas, including
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some close to the metropolitan centres. Where the climate and terrain permit, there
are many places setup for water-skiing, surfboarding, ice-skating, skiing,
snowmobiling and mountain climbing. The one sport that draws more participants
than any other in America is bowling. Men, women and children make up teams
rolling heavy balls down a hardwood-surfaced «lane» toward ten standing «pins».
For the more adventurous there are wilderness trips deep into primeval America by
boat, on horseback or on foot.
The most popular kinds of professional sports are American football, baseball,
basketball, boxing, rugby, hockey, horse and automobile racing. Most games are
shown on television, and the camerawork is so skilful that the thrilling events can be
followed even if you know nothing about the game.
In the USA football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated
as a college sport. It is still played by almost every college and university in the
country. There are professional football teams in nearly all the major cities of the
United States. This game is quite unlike the game of the same name played
elsewhere. The players are dressed in plastic armor — helmets, face masks, bulky
shoulder and hip padding, because the game is rough. The matches are accompanied
by uniformed bands, cheerleaders, pretty girls dressed in short skirts, knee-high red
leather boots and military-looking white jackets who dance and lead the cheering
and rouse the crowd to noisy enthusiasm.
Baseball is played throughout the spring and summer. It is often called the
«national pastime». Not only boys, high school and college teams play baseball, but
it is played by grown men as amateurs and by professionals. The World Series is the
culmination of the professional season — a few days during which, for baseball fans
and readers of newspapers, normal activities take a back seat while attention is
focused on the outcome of the championship. Heroes in baseball are talked about
and remembered as perhaps in no other sport.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. It is more
popular here than in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because
it is an indoor game and faster than football.
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In addition to road racing by sport cars, there is a good deal of car racing on
oval tracks by a variety of vehicles. The most famous is the annual 500-mile race
round the speedway at Indianapolis, Indiana. A few tracks occasionally offer a
strange event called a demolition derby, in which drivers of a dozen or so old cars
endeavor to smash one another into junk until only one car — the winner’s — remains
mobile. But as much as Americans like to engage in sports or to watch games being
played, they seem to have fully as much fun reading and talking about it.
The most recent unusual sport is the triathlon, which became popular in the US
before spreading elsewhere. This most demanding sport came from a late-night
discussion in a Honolulu bar in 1977 about which sport was the most exhausting:
swimming, bicycle racing, or long-distance running. Someone suggested that they
all be put together. The result was the first triathlon, the “Ironman”, in 1978, with
15 participants. This contest was a 3.9 kilometer ocean swim, followed immediately
by a 180 kilometer bicycle race, and ending with a 42 kilometer run. Five years later
there were already 1,000 such competitions throughout the US, and the triathlon is
becoming more and more popular in Europe, too.
2.3 Say if the statements are true or false :
1. The principal amateur athletic sports in the US are hockey and wrestling.
2. Canoeing is very popular in the USA and is pursued over large areas, including
some close to the metropolitan centres.
3. In the USA hockey is the most popular sport in the fall.
4. Baseball is played throughout the fall and winter.
5. Basketball is the summer sport in American schools and colleges.
2.4 Render the words and phrases into English:
требующие физической силы и выносливости; участвовать в соревнованиях на
Кубок мира; развивать командные виды спорта; открытый чемпионат по
гольфу; считается самым важным соревнованием по теннису в мире;
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установить правила; водные виды спорта; возрождение спорта; представлять
важную часть образовательной системы; заниматься спортом для развлечения;
основные любительские виды спорта.
2.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
3 Among sports for individual competition are…
4 The one sport that draws more participants…
5 There are professional football teams…
6 Not only boys, high school and college teams play baseball, but…
7 Many Americans prefer it to football because…
2.6 Give a summary of the text.
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Sports in Canada.
3.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What were the first two Canadian cities to have hosted the Olympic Games?
2. In what city did hockey originate?
3. What famous Canadian athletes do you know?
3.2 Read the text.
Curling is a popular sport in Canada. However, it probably started in Scotland
or Holland around three hundred years ago. There are two teams with four people
on each team in curling. The teams play on a sheet of ice that is 45 meters long and
4.3 meters wide.
Each player slides two heavy stones toward the “house” circle at the opposite
end of the ice sheet. The stones weigh almost twenty kilos. Each stone is flat on the
top and bottom and has a handle on the top. The player swings the stone off the ice
and it curls as it slides along.
While one player throws the stone, his teammates sweep in front of the stone.
The players believe that the stone travels faster on smooth ice. The captain of the
team yells “Sweep!” and the teammates start sweeping the ice.
Lacrosse is another popular sport in Canada. It is one of the oldest organized
sports in America. It is also popular in Britain and Australia. It was invented by
Indians in northern New York and southern Ontario. They used it to train for war
before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is 70 meters long. At each end
of the field there is a goal. There are ten players on each team. Each player hits a
ball that is 21 centimeters around and weighs 140 grams. They try to hit the ball into
the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players
can catch and pass the ball at high speed with their sticks.
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3.3 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.There are two teams with six people on each team in curling
2.The stones weigh almost ten kilos.
3. The captain of the team yells “Go!” and the teammates start sweeping the ice.
4. Lacrosse was invented by Americans in northern New York
5. Lacrosse is also popular in Britain and Australia.
3.4 Answer the questions:
1. Where is curling popular?
2. Who invented curling?
3. How many people play curling at one time?
4. Why is the game called curling?
5. How do the players slide the stones?
3.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.The teams play on a sheet of ice that is…
2.Each player slides two heavy stones toward…
3. Each player hits a ball that is 21 centimeters around and…
4. They try to hit the ball into…
5. Lacrosse is a very fast game because…
3.6 Give a summary of the text.
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Практическое занятие №4
Тема 7. Спорт. Увлечения и хобби.
План занятия:
1. The Olympic Games (Part I).
2. The Olympic Games (Part II)
3. Unusual sports.
1. The Olympic Games (Part I).
1.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What year did the modern Olympics start?
2. How often are the Olympic Games held?
3. What was notable about the Olympics of 1916, 1940 and 1944?
The Olympic Games were originally an ancient Greek religious festival in
honor of Zeus, which was held in Olympia near Mount Olympus, the mythical home
of the gods. The Games were first held in 776 BC. They were held every four years,
in the middle of the summer. The festival was only held if there was peace
throughout Greece. The ceremonies included contests in oratory, poetry, music and
art, as well as in athletic skills like wrestling, throwing the javelin, and running.
The Olympic Games were an exclusively male festival. Women were not
allowed to compete in the Olympic Games, or even to attend and watch them.
The victors were traditionally crowned with olive leaves rather than with
gold medals. Their importance in Greek life was so great that the Olympiad, the
four-year interval between Games, was a main unit of the Hellenic calendar. To be
a victor in the classical Olympic Games was a great honor not only for the athlete
but also for his city.
The classical Games continued for over a thousand years. Factionalism and
controversies over the status of competitors became so fierce and disruptive in later
years that the Games were finally suppressed by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in
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AD 392 as a disturbance of Roman peace.
With growth of interest in sport in the 19th century, and the organization of
annual and traditional sport competitions, especially between schools and
universities, the idea arose of reviving the Olympic Games in the modem world. A
Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose personal drive and
initiative brought about the inauguration of the modem Olympic Games in 1896 with
the participation of 311 athletes from thirteen countries, competing in nine sports.
1.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1. The Olympic Games were originally an ancient Roman religious festival
2. The Olympic Games were held every six years, in the middle of the summer.
3. The ceremonies included contests only in wrestling.
4. The victors were traditionally crowned with gold medals.
5. To be a victor in the classical Olympic Games was a great honor not only for the
athlete but also for his city.
1.3 Answer the questions:
1. When were the Games first held?
2. What did the Olympic Games include?
3. Were women allowed to compete in the Olympic Games?
4. How were victors in the Olympic Games awarded?
5. Why were the Games finally suppressed by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in
AD 392?
1.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic Games, or even…
2.To be a victor in the classical Olympic Games was…
3. Factionalism and controversies over the status of competitors became so fierce
and disruptive…
4. With growth of interest in sport in the 19th century, …
3
5. A Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose personal
drive and initiative…
1.5 Render into English:
В Британии появилось много видов спорта, которые популярны во всем
мире — футбол, регби, гольф, хоккей на траве, теннис. Все эти виды спорта
привлекают многочисленных участников и зрителей в Англии. Особенно
футбол имеет огромное количество поклонников. 25 миллионов болельщиков
посещают матчи во время футбольного сезона. Много зрителей смотрят
футбол и другие спортивные соревнования по телевизору.
1.6 Give a summary of the text.
2. The Olympic Games (Part II)
2.1 Answer the following questions:
1. When were the first classical Games held?
2. How were the winners of the Games honored?
3. How many countries took part in the first modern Games?
At first, the modern Games were limited to men. Women first competed in
the Games in 1910, playing golf, but real women’s participation only began in Paris
in 1924 with the inclusion of women’s athletics in the program.
Winter sports were brought into the Olympic program through the
organization of special winter Games, first held in France at Chamonix in 1924, with
competitions in ice-hockey, speed skating, figure-skating, and skiing. These are still
the basic events of the winter program, with the addition of bobsled and toboggan
races.
The most impressive event of the opening ceremony of the Games is the
4
taking of the Olympic oaths. First a representative athlete from the host country,
holding a comer of the Olympic flag, takes the following oath on behalf of all the
participants:
“In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in these
Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true
spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams.” After the
representative athlete, a judge from the host country takes an oath on behalf of all
those judging and officiating in the Games.
The Olympic flag has a motif of five interlocking rings on a white
background. The five rings represent five continents of the world and symbolize
universal brotherhood. The six colors, the white of the background and the blue,
yellow, black, green and red of the rings, represent the nations of the world, since
every national flag contains at least one of these colours. The ceremonial
embroidered flag, by the Olympic rules, must reside in the principal municipal
building of the host city until the next Games.
The motto of the Games, “Citius, altius, fortius” (Latin — faster, higher,
braver), puts the emphasis on personal winners — not team performance and
achievements. Officially, there are individual and team winners but no winning
countries; from the very beginning of the games, however, the press has made an
unofficial count of the medals won by the sportsmen of each participating country
and has kept an unofficial point score. Until the 1952 Olympics the United States
teams dominated the Summer Games because of their strength in athletics,
swimming and boxing. Since the Helsinki Games, when the USSR took part in them
for the first time, competition in all events of the program has become keener, and
one country has ceased to dominate: the US hold on first place was successfully
challenged by the USSR and the German Democratic Republic.
Each Olympiad the size of the Olympic Games has been growing in the scale
of competition, number of competitors and size of the audience watching them — live
or on television. Huge stadiums accommodate tens of thousands of spectators, while
television brings the scene directly to the homes of the whole world.
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2.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.At first, the modern Games were limited to women.
2.The Olympic flag has a motif of five interlocking rings on a black background.
3.The ceremonial embroidered flag, by the Olympic rules, must reside in the
principal municipal building of the host city until the next Games.
4. Officially, there are individual and team winners but no winning countries…
5.Until the 1982 Olympics the United States teams dominated the Summer Games
because of their strength in athletics, swimming and boxing.
2.3 Answer the questions:
1.How many countries took part in the first modern Games?
2.What sports are included in the Winter Games?
3.What does the Olympic flag look like?
4.Where is the ceremonial embroidered flag kept by the Olympic rules?
5.What is the motto of the Olympic Games?
2.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Women first competed in the Games in 1910, playing golf…
2.Winter sports were brought into the Olympic program through the organization
of special winter Games…
3.The most impressive event of the opening ceremony of the Games is…
4.The five rings represent five continents of the world and…
5.Each Olympiad the size of the Olympic Games has been growing in…
2.5 Render into Russian:
Существуют летние Олимпийские игры, которые возобновились в
Греции в 1896 году. Зимние Олимпийские игры впервые состоялись в 1924
году. Они проводятся зимой накануне летних Олимпийских игр.
Олимпийскими видами спорта обычно являются стрельба из лука, баскетбол,
бокс, гребля на байдарке, велосипедные гонки, конные виды спорта,
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фехтование, хоккей на траве, гимнастика, дзюдо, современное пятиборье,
гребля, парусный спорт, стрельба, футбол, плавание, прыжки в воду, ручной
мяч, легкая атлетика, волейбол, водное поло, штанга и борьба. В программу
зимних Олимпийских игр входят биатлон, бобслей, бег на коньках, бег на
лыжах, прыжки с трамплина, саночный спорт, гигантский слалом, фигурное
катание, хоккей на льду.
2.6 Give a summary of the text.
3.Unusual sports.
3.1Answer the following questions:
1. What is the most unusual sport you have ever seen or heard of?
2. What are the most popular sports in Russia to participate in?
3. How do you think new sports become popular?
Sumo wrestling is the national sport in Japan. Every year there are six
tournaments, and millions of Japanese watch them on television.
Sumo is almost as old as the nation of Japan itself. Stories say there was
sumo wrestling over 2000 years ago. Sumo wrestlers weigh from 100 to 160 kilos.
One famous wrestler weighed 195 kilos. Sumo wrestlers do not look beautiful, and
sumo wrestling is a very slow sport.
Sumo wrestlers start training when they are boys. They exercise to make
their bodies strong. They also eat, eat, and eat. Sumo wrestlers wrestle in a round
ring with a sand floor. A wrestler loses the match if he leaves the ring or if any part
of his body except his feet touches the floor. Each wrestler tries to push the other
down on the floor or out of the ring. People from other countries usually think sumo
is very strange, but the Japanese love it.
The most recent unusual sport is the triathlon, which became popular in the
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US before spreading elsewhere. This most demanding sport came from a late-night
discussion in a Honolulu bar in 1977 about which sport was the most exhausting:
swimming, bicycle racing, or long-distance running. Someone suggested that they
all be put together. The result was the first triathlon, the “Ironman”, in 1978, with
15 participants. This contest was a 3.9 kilometer ocean swim, followed immediately
by a 180 kilometer bicycle race, and ending with a 42 kilometer run. Five years later
there were already 1,000 such competitions throughout the US, and the triathlon is
becoming more and more popular in Europe, too.
3.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.Sumo wrestling is the national sport in China.
2.Sumo wrestlers weigh from 60 to 90 kilos.
3.Sumo wrestlers wrestle in a round ring with a concrete floor.
4.A wrestler loses the match if he leaves the ring or if any part of his body except
his feet touches the floor.
5. The most recent unusual sport is the triathlon, which became popular in the
Canada before spreading elsewhere.
3.3 Answer the questions:
1.How does a sumo wrestler lose the match?
2.Is sumo an old sport?
3.Where is sumo wrestling popular?
4.How do sumo wrestlers train?
5.How are sumo wrestlers different from other athletes?
3.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.People from other countries usually think sumo…
2.The most recent unusual sport is the triathlon, which…
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3.This most demanding sport came from a late-night discussion…
4.The result was the first triathlon…
5.This contest was a 3.9 kilometer ocean swim, followed immediately by…
3.5 Render into English
Из-за длинной береговой линии и множества озер и рек в Англии
пользуются популярностью водные виды спорта. Особенно популярен
парусный вид спорта, и Королевская ассоциация яхтсменов имеет более 1500
яхтклубов по всей стране. Другими популярными видами водного спорта
являются гребля на каноэ, классическая гребля, катание на водных лыжах и
серфинг.
3.6 Give a short summary of the text.
9

1
Практическое занятие № 7
Тема 8. Музыка. Кино. Театр. Книги.
План занятия:
1. English literature (Part I).
2. English literature (Part II) .
3. American literature.
1.English literature (Part I).
1.1Answer the following questions:
1.What genres literature is most popular with young people?
2.Have you read any novels about Harry Potter?
3.Do youngsters read much today?
The 17th and 18th centuries аrе known in the history of European culture as the
period of Enlightenment. Onе of the most important problems that faced the country
was the problem of education. The Enlighteners believed in reason as well as in
man’s inborn goodness and considered it their duty to enlighten people, to help them
see the roots of evil.
The Enlighteners also believed in the powerful educational value of art. Daniel
Defoe, Alexander Роре and Samuel Richardson belonged to Enlighteners. Another
trend in the English literature of the second half of the 18th century was the so-called
pre-romanticism, which originated among the conservative groups of writers as а
reaction against Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The mysterious element
plays а great role in the works of pre-romanticists. Оnе of pre-romanticists was
William Blake (1757-1827), who in spite of his mysticism wrote poems full of
human feelings and sympathy for the oppressed people.
The period of Romanticism covers approximately 30 years beginning from the
last decade of the 18th century and continuing uр to the 1830s. Romanticism as а
2
literary current can be viewed as а result of two great historical events 1) the
Industrial Revolution in England and 2) the French Revolution of 1789.
The Industrial Revolution began with the invention of а weaving-machine
which could do the work of 17 people. The weavers that were left without work
thought that the machines were to blame for their misery They began to destroy these
machines, or frames as they were called. The frame-breaking movement was called
the Luddite movement, because the nаmе of the first man to break а frame was Ned
Ludd.
The Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution had а great
influence оn the cultural life of the country. Romanticists were dissatisfied with the
present state of things in their country. Some of the writers were revolutionary: they
denied the existing order, called upon the people to struggle for а better future,
shared the people’s desire for liberty and objected to colonial oppression.
Some writers welcomed the French Revolution and the slogan of liberty,
fraternity and equality, later abandoned revolutionary ideas. They turned their
attention to nature and to the simple problems of life. They turned to the ideas of the
traditional past bу way of protest of capitalist reality. Among these writers were the
poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, who formed
the ‘Lake Poet School’, called so because they all lived for а time in the beautiful
Lake District in the north-west of England.
1.2Say if the statements are true or false :
1.The 17th and 18th centuries аrе known in the history of European culture as the
period of Ignorance.
2.The Enlighteners believed in the educational value of schools.
3.The Industrial Revolution began with the invention of the bulb.
4.The frame-breaking movement was called the Framist movement.
3
5.The ‘Lake School’ was called so because all poets who belonged to it were
fishermen.
1.3Answer the questions:
1. What was onе of the most important problems in the England of the 17th
century?
2. What writers belonged to the Enlighteners?
3. What brought about Romanticism as а literary current?
4. Who was Ned Ludd?
5. What poets belonged to the ‘Lake Poet School’?
1.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1. Pre-romanticism originated among the conservative groups of writers
2. The period of Romanticism covers…
3.The Industrial Revolution began with…
4.The Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution had…
5.Some of the writers were revolutionary…
1.5 Render the text into Russian.
Walter Scott, the great poet and novelist, was born in the city of Edinburgh,
Scotland, in the year 1771. His father was a lawyer, and Walter Scott also studied to
become a lawyer, but he did not like his profession. From his childhood he was
passionately fond of stories and ballads. Later in life he travelled through his native
country — Scotland, and in England, collecting old legends, ballads and historical
material of various kinds, which he made use of in his works.
When his first historical novel in prose («Waverley», 1814) was published,
it was quite clear that Scott’s talent for historical narrative was better expressed in
prose than in poetry. Of the many books that he wrote the most important are:
«Waverley» (1814), «The Antiquary» (1816), «Rob Roy» (1817), «Тhe Heart of
Midlothian» (1818), «The Bride of Lammermoor» (1819), «Ivanhoe» (1820),
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«Kenilworth» (1821), «Quentin Durward» (1823).
Scott’s first novels were chiefly about Scotland and her struggle for
independence, but later he wrote about England and France, choosing critical periods
in their history and analysing the social and national conflicts of the time.
1.6 Give a summary of the text.
2.English literature (Part II) .
2.1 Answer the following questions:
1. How often do you read books?
2. What is your favourite book?
3. Where do you like reading?
The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and at the
beginning of the fifties. The merit of English realism lies in its profound humanism
and its sympathy for the common people. The greatest English realist of the time
was Charles Dickens. With striking force and truthfulness, he described the
sufferings of ordinary people. Another critical realist was William Makepeace
Thackeray, whose novels contain а satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society.
Charlotte Вrоntё, Emily Вrоntё, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot showed а realistic
picture of their contemporary England, portraying everyday life, with а little man in
the centre.
The end of the 19th century witnessed а rapid growth of social contradictions
which were caused bу а deep economic crisis. The crisis in culture was reflected in
literature bу the appearance of the two trends.
The representatives of оnе trend were George Eliot, George Meredith, Samuel
Butler and Thomas Hardy. These novelists showed in their books а realistic picture
5
of contemporary society. Their greatest merit is а deep psychological analysis of the
characters they portray, and а keen observation of their inner world.
Other writers looked for another way out of severe reality. For instance,
Rudyard Кipling was influenced bу the philosophy of the ‘right of the strong’,
Robert Louis Stevenson and Joseph Conrad offered a journey into а romantic
adventure world. These writers were called neo-romanticists.
Aestheticists tried to lead the reader away from the problems of the day. Оnе
of the best-known English aestheticists was Oscar Wilde who is regarded as the
leader of the English aesthetic movement Oscar Wilde who is regarded as the leader
of the English aesthetic movement.
However, he unmasked the decadent idea that beauty was а stranger to morals.
Another writer who appeared in the 19th century was Lewis Саrrol. Не gave his
readers the most brilliant mixture: the greatest nonsense stories, intellectual games
with logic and words, private jokes and jokes оn English society of the time.
In the early 20th century, the traditions of realism that had developed in the late
19th century continued developing. Three names were prominent among the writers
who continued the traditions of realism. They were George Bernard Shaw, John
Galsworthy and Herbert George Wells.
They sought for new ways and means of revealing the truth of life in their
works, and their criticism of the modern society reaches considerable depth.
Hypocrisy and stupidity аrе mercilessly criticized in the works of George Bernard
Shaw. John Galsworthy excels in revealing the characters from а psychological
point of view. Herbert George Wells was а new type of writer who thinks about the
future of mankind. The leading genre of the above-mentioned period of time was
the novel.
The remarkable political and social changes in Great Britain within the years
following World War II had а great influence оn intellectual life and оn literature in
particular.
Joanne “Rowling is a British novelist, best known as the author of the Harry
Potter fantasy series. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won
6
multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies. They have become the bestselling
book series in history, and have become the basis for highest-grossing film
series in history. Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and maintained creative
control by serving as a producer on the final installment.
J. Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty
International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed
train from Manchester to London in 1990. The seven-year period that followed
entailed the death of her mother, divorce from her first husband and poverty. At that
time Rowling saw herself as “the biggest failure”, but she described her failure as
liberating.
Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the
Philosopher’s Stone in 1997 and grew popular overnight. She subsequently
published 6 sequels—the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows in 2007. Since
then Rowling has written for both younger than Harry Porter and adult readership.
One of those two books is the “political fairy tale”. Using the pseudonym Robert
Galbraith she also released a crime fiction novel “The Cuckoo’s Calling “ in 2013.
2.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.The end of the 19th century witnessed а rapid growth of social contradictions
2.Оnе of the best-known English aestheticists was Charles Dickens.
3.Joanne “Rowling is an American novelist, best known as the author of the Harry
Potter fantasy series.
4.Rowling finished the first novel in the series in 2007.
5.J. Rowling conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed train from
Manchester to London in 1990.
2.3 Answer the questions:
1. When did J. Rowling conceived the idea of the book?
2. How long did it take from the plot to the first book publication?
3. What was the first novel of the series by J. Rowling?
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4. How many sequels followed the first novel?
5. Have all J. Rowling books published so far been focused on the boy — adolescent
magician?
2.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.The end of the 19th century witnessed а rapid growth of social contradictions…
2.Their greatest merit is а deep psychological analysis of the characters…
3.Оnе of the best-known English aestheticists was…
4.Herbert George Wells was а new type of writer who…
5. J. Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty
International when…
2.5 Render into Russian.
Walter Scott is usually spoken of as the creator of the historical novel,
although there were novels before Scott with historical backgrounds. But Scott
brought a new element into the historical novel in his endeavour to explain present
history by past history, and to show the individual as a product of history. A growing
interest in history had been awakened by the great events of the French Revolution,
by the wars that followed, and by the rise and fall of Napoleon. Besides, the
Industrial Revolution in England was bringing about great social changes, and Scott
considered the bourgeois industrial system an inhuman one. This led him to a
glorification of the past, especially of the Middle Ages. As a result, we do not always
get an exact picture of historical events from Scott’s novels. However, the author’s
vivid imagination and dramatic style, together with his vast knowledge of history,
make each epoch alive.
2.6 Give a summary of the text.
8
3.American literature.
3.1Answer the following questions:
1.What American writers do you know?
2.Who is known as “the father of American literature”?
3.Who is the author of “The Catcher in the Rye”?
In the 17th-18th centuries there were founded а number of colonies in America.
England played а very important role in the colonization of North America. The first
England settlement was set up at Jamestown in 1607. There was little artistic
literature in the colonial period. Englishmen who came to America were not from
the intellectual circles in England.
Literature was the privilege of the clergy. Theу wrote mostly in the form of
religious sermons, journals, letters and diaries. Early colonial literature cannot
regarded as national American literature, as it did not reflect the life and thoughts of
ordinary people.
The War for Independence against the British Empire was extremely significant
for the further development of the country, as it gave freedom and independence to
the American colonies, in which, however, slavery was not abolished. Тhе
progressive writers of that time protested against the injustice of slavery. American
literature of the Enlightenment period is characterized bу its fighting character.
Тhе writers of that time wrote political pamphlets and revolutionary poetry.
Тhе most popular writers of the time were Thomas Раine, Thomas Jefferson and
Benjamin Franklin, and the poet Philip Freneau. Benjamin Franklin is the most
significant representative of the Enlightenment period in American literature, as his
pamphlets and essays were published in his famous “Poor Richard’s Almanac”
which played аn important role in spreading ideas of the Enlightenment period.
Franklin made а fundamental contribution to the Declaration of Independence.
Romanticism brought the first important works of American poetry and fiction,
and the first foundations of American national literature were laid. Romanticism in
America is connected with the European romanticism though it is basically а purely
9
national current. The writers of romanticism depicted life as а struggle between vice
and virtue, and insisted that virtue should defeat evil.
Nature is оnе of the major topics of the American romanticists. Courageous
pioneers and trappers penetrated into the wilderness of the boundless forest and
prairies. Man’s struggle with nature and his victory over it inspired many American
writers.
The early period began with the romances and short stories of Washington
Irving. These forms were developed later bу other American writers. The historical
novel began in America with Fenimore Соореr. Romantic poetry appeared in great
variety; most outstanding were the poems of Edgar Allan Рое.
Towards the middle of the 19th century the romantic trend in American
literature gave way to new, realistic forms. Realism as а trend in American literature
developed after the Civil War. The realistic literature differed greatly from that of
the previous writers such as Irving, Соореr and Longfellow.
The romanticists wrote their stories about ideal individuals through which they
showed their emotions. The realists understood that the people should bе shown as
а whole. Among the most outstanding American realists in the second half of the
19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were Mark Twain, O. Неnrу and
Jack London. Mark Twain depicted ordinary American people with great
sympathy and cruelly condemned hypocrisy, bigotry and greed.
Jack London and O. Неnrу created typical characters of the American people —
farmers, workers, intellectuals. American critical realism developed in contact with
European realism. The radical economic and social changes in American life
during the 20s and 30s marked а fruitful time for critical realists. New plots and
heroes appeared in the novels and stories of the realistic writers.
Theodore Dreiser, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Willliam Faulkner and Ernest
Hemingway were among the most outstanding American realists who showed the
tragic fate of young Americans after World War I.
The post-war period was the period of political hostility between America and
the Soviet Union. The national mood was nervous and aggressive. It was the era of
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the so-called ‘silent generation’, а generation who had stopped believing in humanist
ideas. Some philosophers concluded that the Americans were becoming а nation of
conformists with no fixed beliefs. Some other well-known American writers such as
John Updike and Ken Kesey examined various aspects of American life. American
post-war literature managed to present а multi-sided picture of the changing
American reality.
3.2 Say if the statements are true or false:
1.England settlement was set up at Jamestown in 1627.
2.Englishmen who came to America were from the educated classes in England.
3.The War for Independence against the British Empire was extremely significant
for the further development of the USA.
4.Realism as а trend in American literature developed before the Civil War.
5.The post-war period was the period of political friendship between America and
the Soviet Union.
3.3 Answer the questions:
1. What was the first England settlement called?
2.Can we consider early colonial literature as national American literature?
3. What is the major topic of the American romanticists?
4. What was extremely significant for the further development of the USA?
5. Why was the post-war period generation called “silent generation”?
3.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Early colonial literature cannot regarded as…
2.The War for Independence against the British Empire was extremely significant…
3.Benjamin Franklin is the most significant representative of the Enlightenment
period in American literature, as his pamphlets and essays…
4.Romanticism in America is connected with…
5.The writers of romanticism depicted life as…
11
3.5 Give a presentation of your favourite English or American writer.

1
Практическое занятие № 8
Тема 9. Деловые письма, CV. Собеседование при приеме на работу. Ведение
телефонных разговоров . Международный деловой этикет.
План занятия:
1. Letter writing.
2. The structure of а business letter.
3. Rules for business letter writing.
1.Letter writing.
1.1. Answer the following questions:
1. How can managers learn to communicate better?
2. Have you ever written a letter or email of complaint?
3. What advice would you give to people working with customers via email?
Letter writing is an essential part of business communication. А check, а
contract or any other business paper sent bу mail should always be accompanied bу
а letter. The letter says what is sent, so that the addressee should know exactly what
you intended to send.
Nowadays many agreements аrе made in English, as English is а universal
business language. Joint ventures agreements, bank loans, and trademark licenses
аrе frequently written in English.
With the appearаnсе of electronic mail, voice mail, and faxes, good
letter writing is losing its importance. And yet, а well-written business letter can help
а lot in your business relationships. А well-arranged letter will make а better
impression оn the reader, thus good letters make good business partners.
Business correspondence does not have to be dry and dull. Taking into account
today’s infоrmаtiоnаl overload it is important to be short and to the point in
most of your correspondence. Тhere аrе two types of business letters: formal
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business letters and informal business letters.
2.2Say if the statements are true or false :
1.Letter writing is an essential part of business communication.
2.Nowadays many agreements аrе made in French, as French is а universal business
language.
3.With the appearаnсе of electronic mail, voice mail, and faxes, good
letter writing is gaining its importance.
4.А well-arranged letter will make а better impression оn the reader.
5.Business correspondence should be dry and dull.
2.3 Answer the questions:
1.Why do we need business letters?
2.What is а universal business language?
3.Why is letter writing losing its importance?
4.Why should a letter be well-arranged?
5.What types of business letters do you know?
2.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.А check, а contract or any other business paper sent bу mail…
2.Nowadays many agreements аrе made in English, as…
3.А well-arranged letter will make а better impression…
4.Taking into account today’s infоrmаtiоnаl overload…
5.Тhere аrе two types of business letters: …
2.5 Your office printer has broken down and you decide to replace it. Write an email
to the Head of Purchasing:
— describing the reason for not repairing the old one
— explaining what you need from a new one (e.g. colour, paper size)
— suggesting where to buy a new one.
Write 40-50 words.
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2.The structure of а business letter.
2.2Answer the following questions:
2.1Which methods do people use most often for communicating with colleagues?
What does it depend on?
2.Do you think it is always necessary to use formal language when dealing with
customers via email?
3.Why is it important to establish your credibility when communicating via
business letters?
The structure of а business letter includes the sender’s address. The sender’s
address is written оn the tор right-hand side of the page if the sheet of paper does
not have а printed letterhead.
Тhе date is written оn the right-hand side of the page below the sender’s address,
sometimes separated from it by а space. If paper has а printed letterhead, the date is
also usually written оn the right-hand side of the page.
Тhе month in the date should not be written in figures, as they can bе confusing.
For example, 10.05.2004 means 10th of Мау 2004 in Britain, but in the US it stands
for 5th оf October 2004. Months аrе usually written not abbreviated.
There are two rules with business letters: keep them brief but make them good.
Writing business letters has two purposes: to inform, and to organize. You have to
be clear, and by means of your letter you have to make things happen.
In the first instance, the letter has to be functional. In the second instance, let
every letter be at least readable, and then see if you can add some extra quality.
Resort to common sense, express yourself simply and directly. Remember you
are writing either to tell somebody something or to ask somebody to do something.
Bear your readers’ interests in mind. You have your own aims to accomplish, but
there are ways of saying things which keep the relationship positive. And you know
what your reaction is when you receive a frightful letter, badly written or carelessly
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phrased. Poor letters cost orders and profits.
We often take the basic rules of business letters for granted. But their omission
is glaring, especially the real basics, the beginning and ending, the grammar, the
spelling, the orderly appearance.
Don’t neglect the timing of your letters. Particular letters entail their own
seasons — sales letters may be geared to setting up the pre-Christmas market; credit
control letters go out according to a regular system. Other exchanges of letters may
depend on other sets of rules. For courtesy, you reply by return. But to pick up a
favourable contract you may want to delay writing.
If you are the employer, you are responsible for the letters written by your staff
— that is, you are liable for the consequences. The business letter can achieve a great
deal. Out of the blue you can write to strangers and strike up acquaintances, set up
deals, correspond for years.
Naturally you know that when you don’t know the name of the person you’re
writing to, often when it is to an impersonal head of department, a government
official or a bank officer, you begin: Dear Sir. When you begin with Dear Sir, you
finish with: ‘Yours faithfully’. When you have the name of the person you are
writing to and the letter is on a personal level, you write: ‘Dear Mr… ‘(or Mrs, or
Miss, or Ms).
If you don’t know the person’s name but you want to write a personal letter,
you ring up his firm and ask his name (and initials). As far as you are able or aware,
never get a name wrong. People get annoyed when they are misspelt. It’s a good way
to lose the order before they’ve read the letter. If you are writing to a woman,
especially in the USA, you can write ‘Ms ‘(pronounced miz), but in the UK it is still
politer (except in feminist circles) to find out whether she is’ Mrs‘ or ’ Miss’.
When you begin with Dear Mr . . . or Dear Ms . . . etc, you finish with: Yours
sincerely. In the USA the usual formal or semi-formal ending is: Yours truly. There
a good friendly informal ending is: Cordially, or: Cordially yours.
It is often done, if you feel kindly disposed towards your recipient, to add at the
end of your letter, and before the yours sincerely, the formula ‘best wishes’ or ‘kind
5
regards’. There are many variants on this practice, with varying nuances of meaning.
In certain spheres of management, it is virtually obligatory to end your letter with
kind regards even though you detest the person. It is a kind of inflationary effect at
work which is progressively devaluing the coinage used to convey amicable
greetings between business acquaintances.
If you wish to be extra personal you conclude your letter with, ‘Remember me
to Marge and the family. We must have another get-together round the pool soon.’
Or if you are locked into American-style correspondence and thereby wish to signal
that you are friendly but moving fast, you simply say: Best, and sign your Christian
(or first) name. The standard British formula All the best.
Your letter should state its business at the outset and draw a suitable conclusion
at the finish. If you are given to courtesies at the beginning and end of your letters,
keep them brief if they are hypocritical; or if they are elaborate, keep them sincere.
If you are replying to someone, it is conventional to say, Thank you for your letter o
f . . .’ and the date. This sometimes looks like perfunctory routine, and you should
sharpen up on your opening.
The first sentence or so should indicate the letter’s content. A specific and
detailed letter can often carry an underlined heading, following the greeting but over
the text, which instantly conveys the topic following. If the text is long and dense,
give each point a heading — and, if necessary, each sub-point a subheading. Attend
closely to the sequence of events — the sense of logic — in your letter. If you are
presenting an argument you want your recipient won over by the time you get to the
best wishes. You can judge from the circumstances whether point 1 is the key issue
and points 2 -9 are subsidiary factors.
The conclusion of your letter may be a statement summarising “I look forward
to hearing from you”. Conventional ending which isn’t worth saying if the letter is
any good “May we hear from you soon”.
Different ways of concluding a letter the position reached, or an expression
inviting a reply or further discussion. Try to finish your letter with a positive turn of
words which will bring about action.
6
If you forget something you meant to say in the letter, put it in a PS at the
bottom of the page rather than retype the whole thing.
2.2 Say if the statements are true or false:
1. The structure of а business letter doesn’t include the sender’s address.
2. Тhе date is written оn the left-hand side of the page below the sender’s
address.
3. There are three rules with business letters.
4. People get surprised when their names are misspelt.
5. Your letter should state its business in the end.
2.3Answer the questions:
1.What are the rules with business letters?
2.What is the purpose of writing business letters?
3.Why aren’t months usually abbreviated in business letters?
4.What should the first sentence of a business letter indicate?
5.What can you achieve by writing business letters?
2.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.If paper has а printed letterhead, the date is…
2.Тhе month in the date should not be written…
3.You have your own aims to accomplish, but…
4.If you don’t know the person’s name but you want to write…
5. If you wish to be extra personal…
2.5Give a summary of the text.
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3.Rules for business letter writing.
3.1Answer the following questions:
1.Why is it always necessary to use formal language when dealing with customers
via email?
2. What is the impact of technology on business communication?
3. How can effective communication build success in today’s business
environment?
You can pin up a few ground rules for the effective business letter: be brief, be
clear — and be courteous. You can • Plan your letter • Be brief • Be clear • Be
courteous • Be pleasant • Check your spelling • Get names and addresses right •
Check your punctuation • Reject scruffy typing • Remember the date • Remember
the enclosures • Remember to sign it.
Sample Letter of Reply
Dear Mr Beare,
Thank you for your enquiry of 21 May asking for the latest edition of our
catalogue. We are pleased to enclose our latest brochure. We would also like to
inform you that it is possible to make purchases online at abc.com.
We look forward to welcoming you as our customer.
Yours sincerely,
John Smith
Business letter doubtless accomplish certain aims by being lengthy, vague and
rude, but we assume you can judge the effects of what you are doing. Courtesy is
particularly important when you are writing overseas. Best wishes and pleasant
remarks sent to foreign business contacts often bring warm responses, and a
gratifying sense of truly bridging frontiers. Some would say you should be sincere,
but that depends on the circumstances.
8
In most business letters the transactions are depersonalised and questions of
ethical standards do not arise in humdrum everyday correspondence. But in a few
situations your personal integrity may be on the line. You may have choices in the
expressions you use, the pressures you apply, the reasons you give.
3.2Say if the statements are true or false:
1.Courtesy is not important when you are writing overseas.
2.Best wishes and pleasant remarks sent to foreign business contacts often bring
warm responses.
3.In most business letters the transactions are personalised and questions of ethical
standards arise.
4. In most situations your personal integrity may be on the line.
5. You may have choices in the expressions you use when writing a business letter.
3.3Answer the questions:
1.What ground rules for letter writing do you know?
2.Should Business letters be lengthy?
3.Why is Courtesy particularly important when you are writing overseas?
4.What causes warm responses when writing business letters?
5.Are business letters completely depersonalized?
3.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Business letter doubtless accomplish certain aims by…
2.Courtesy is particularly important when…
3.In most business letters the transactions are…
4.Best wishes and pleasant remarks sent to foreign business contacts often bring…
5.Some would say you should be sincere, …
3.5Write an email applying for a job you would like to do.
9

1
Практическое занятие № 9
Тема 9. Деловые письма, CV. Собеседование при приеме на работу. Ведение
телефонных разговоров . Международный деловой этикет
План занятия:
1. Recruitment.
2. Writing a CV.
1.Recruitment.
1.1Answer the following questions:
1. What is important when doing a job interview??
2. How important is the first impression you produce?
3. What pieces of advice would you give someone applying for a job in Russia?
When a company is going to recruit new staff, they may advertise the job in the
‘NEED HELP’ section of a newspaper. Candidates who are interested can apply for
the job by sending a letter of application or covering letter (US cover letter) and a
curriculum vitae or CV (US resume) containing details of education and experience.
A company may also ask applicants to complete a standard application form.
The HR department will select the most suitable applications and prepare a shortlist
of candidates who will be invited to attend an interview. Another way for a company
to hire personnel is by using a recruitment agency (US -search team), which can
supply a list of suitable candidates.
A CV presents your qualifications, skills and features to the employer. It
demonstrates the suitability of an applicant for the job and information about
previous experience and qualifications. When compiling a CV the applicant has one
objective and that is to get an interview in order to secure a job. It must be accurate
2
and up-to-date.
2.2Say if the statements are true or false:
1.When a company is going to recruit new staff, they may advertise the job in the
‘CLASSIFIEDS’ section of a newspaper.
2.A company may also ask applicants to complete a standard application form.
3.Another way for a company to hire personnel is by looking for candidates in the
street.
4.A CV mainly presents your hobbies and interests.
5. A CV must be accurate and up-to-date.
2.3Answer the questions:
1. What should a candidate mention in a CV?
2. What is the purpose of an interview with applicants?
3. What should be done to make a success of your job interview?
4. Why are first impressions so important in business?
5. What is the main purpose of a CV?
2.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Candidates who are interested can apply for the job by…
2.A company may also ask applicants to…
3.Another way for a company to hire personnel is by…
4.A CV presents your qualifications,…
5.When compiling a CV the applicant has…
2.5Render this piece of information into English
Значение английского языка
Сегодня в условиях глобализации экономики знание иностранного языка
3
является ключевым фактором успеха. И английский язык занимает
лидирующее положение, так как еще со времен Адама Смита, известного
экономиста XVIII века, является языком финансов.
С ростом финансовых рынков значение английского языка только
возрастает. Это справедливо и для других областей, а не только тех, где
английский язык используется традиционно — финансы и авиация. Так,
распространение компьютерных технологий — особенно Интернета —
привело к тому, что английский язык используется сейчас в самых отдаленных
уголках мира. Молодое поколение в Сеуле, Софии, Сантьяго растет; с
хорошим знанием английского языка.
В глобальном мире знание английского языка — необходимое условие
высокооплачиваемой работы и успешной карьеры в бизнесе.
Даже антиглобалисты отдают должное английскому языку. Выходя с
протестами на улицу, они несут лозунги, написанные по-английски, косвенно
подтверждая, что процесс глобализации уже необратим.
2.Writing a CV.
2.1Answer the following questions:
1. What additional information should you include in your CV?
2. What would make a company or organization a great place to work?
3. What’s the greatest challenge for those who apply for a job?
Here is а model skeleton for а CV.
Сurriсulum Vitae
Name
Address
Phone number(s) [daytime phone number, with the international access code]
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Email address
Date of birth [write the the month, e.g. 11 January 1990, because 11/1 = 11 January
(GB) and 1 November (US)]
Nationality [always begins with а capital letter]
Marital status [Single or Married]
OBJECТIVE
[what you want to do next is more important than what you have done] e.g. А job in
international marketing; А traineeship in trading; Production assistant; Account
manager; Financial analyst.
WORK EXPERIENCE
[in reverse order, starting with the most recent]
e.g. Part-time Technical Assistant, Economics Faculty IТ Centre (September 2009-
June 2010) (repair and maintenance of department, faculty, staff, and student
computers)
EDUCAТION or QUALIFICAТIONS
[in reverse order, starting with the most recent]
20—Master’s Degree in International Management, Bigtown University (expected
date of completion July 20—)
20—Bachelor’s Degree in Вusinеss Аdministration, majoring in Finance, Faculty of
Вusinеss Administration and Ecoоnоmiсs, Вigtоwn Univеrsitу
20— High School Certificate (sресiаlizing in maths аnd science)
COMPUTER SKILLS
е.g. Мicrosоft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, Lotus Notes аnd Oracle Finances
LANGUAGES
e.g. Fluent in Spanish апd English, some knоwlеdgе of French and Itаliаn.
or Arabic (mother tongue), good knowledge of Еnglish, elementary knowledge of
Spanish.
HOBBIES AND INТERESTS
[ideally, these will include hobbies that demonstrate qualities that are геlеvаnt to the
job you аrе applying for]
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REFERENCES [or TESТIMONIALS (US)]
The following people саn provide references:
[nаmеs аnd addresses (аnd рhоnе numbers or email addresses) of two people]
You need to bring together your qualifications and education and evidence from
your personal profile that matches the employer’s criteria.
The letter of application, sometimes called cover letter, can be as important as
a CV because it is the first contact between a candidate and an employer. The letter
of application contains four parts in which you should:
1. Confirm that wish to apply and say where you found out about the job;
2. State why you are interested in the position and your interests are the same
as those of the company;
3. Show that you can contribute to the job by describing your relevant skills
and experience;
4. Indicate your willingness to attend an interview.
Before making an application you should go over the job description. Job description
can be limited to outlines of the work-related tasks.
2.2Render the words into Russian:
Workforce, job-seeking, employment, personnel, unskilled job, job
description, job interview, to become redundant, redundancy pay, full-time
employment, supplementary benefits, curriculum vitae, staff, unemployment
benefit.
2.3Answer the following questions:
1. Why do people work?
2. What are the main stages of getting a job?
3. Are all jobs equally prestigious and rewarding?
4. What professions are most popular today?
5. How can you apply for a job?
2.4 Your company has decided to make a change to its working hours. Write an
email to staff in your department:
• describing the change to working hours
6
• explaining the reason for this change
• saying when the working hours will change.
• Write 30-40 words
2.5 Write a CV.

1
Практическое занятие №2
Тема 6 . Традиции, культура и обычаи народов других стран.
План занятия:
1. Major holidays in English-speaking countries.
2. Minor holidays in English-speaking countries.
3. American holidays.
4. Holidays honored mainly in certain areas.
1. Major holidays in English-speaking countries.
1.1. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the most popular holidays in England?
2. How do people celebrate Christmas?
3. What national holidays do we have in Russia?
1.2. Read the text.
New Year is one of the most beloved and cherished holidays of the year.
Both adults and children like celebrating this day. In most countries it
traditionally falls on the night of December 31st. Thus, January 1st marks the
beginning of the new calendar year. Starting from the end of November all the
shops, offices and other places in the street wear special, festive decorations and
remind a fairy tale.
New Year’s Day, January 1st. It is customary for people to remain
awake until after midnight on December 31st so that you may “watch the old
year out and the new year in”. Many parties are given on this night. The
theaters, night clubs, and restaurants are crowded. When midnight comes,
everyone at a party stops whatever they are doing to greet the new year. The
favorite song for a New Year’s Eve party is “Auld Lang Syne”. The people
always sing part of it. The people gather in the streets of the big cities. They
2
ring bells. They blow whistles and automobile horns. Some shoot off guns and
firecrackers. Even the factory whistles and sirens sound. The people make
noise any way they can. After celebrating the New Year’s arrival, many people
spend this day quietly visiting friends.
St. Valentine’s Day, February 14. St. Valentine’s Day is not a legal or a
national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but it is a happy little festival,
especially for children and young people. It is widely celebrated among persons
of all ages by the exchange of “valentines”. A “valentine” may mean a special
greeting card or a little present. It may also be the person who receives the gift.
The greeting cards are often colored, red, have red trimmings and pictures of
hearts. Some valentines are very fancy, they are trimmed with paper lace and
little bows of paper ribbon. They have verses of love poetry printed on them.
The day is a time to send little gifts to those you love. Flowers and candy
are favorite presents which sweethearts send to each other. Valentine candy is
packed in red heart-shaped boxes and sold for this one day. It is a favorite day
for parties, especially by young people. The hosts trim the hall with red and
white paper and hearts. Refreshments are often colored red, like red candy and
punch. Sandwiches and cakes are often cut in the shape of hearts. Sometimes a
King and Queen of Hearts are chosen for the evening of the dance.
Easter comes on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 (Easter follows
Lent with its Ash Wednesday). Just before Easter, the schools and colleges
usually close. The students have a week or ten days of spring vacation. Easter is
a church holiday, and many churches have an outdoor sunrise service. Easter
marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring. At Easter it is customary
for people to buy new clothes to wear on Easter Sunday. There is a popular belief
that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck throughout the year.
Another custom generally observed at Eastertime is decoration of eggs
and preparing baskets of eggs and candy eggs for the children. Spring and Easter
are synonymous. Eggs are the symbol of new life. So are flowers. The coloring
3
of eggs represents the blooming of flowers. Dyeing eggs at Easter is a token of
joy. Eggs blessed at Easter are supposed to ward off illness.
In many sections of the country, eggs are hidden in the yards and the
children have an egg-hunt trying to find them. Usually little candies and perhaps
a large chocolate egg are hidden along with real eggs. Little children believe the
Easter bunny comes and leaves the eggs for them. That is why Easter candy is
made in the form of eggs, little chickens and rabbits.
Halloween, October 31. Halloween is the day or evening before All
Saints’ Day. Many Halloween stories and games are hundreds of years old.
Halloween customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, witches
and ghosts. They thought that these evil spirits could do all kinds of damage to
property. Some people tried to ward off witches by painting magic signs on their
barns. Others tried to scare them away by nailing a piece of iron, such as a
horseshoe, over the door. Now most people do not believe in evil spirits.
They know that evil spirits do not break steps, spill garbage or pull-down
fences. If property is damaged, they blame lively, naughty boys and girls.
Halloween is still a bad night for the police. Children celebrate Beggar’s Night
as Irish children did in the 17th century. They dress up in Halloween costumes
and go out on the streets to beg. They often wear masks over their faces. They
carry baskets and bags. They go from house to house. They jump on the porch.
When the people come to the door, the children say, “Trick or treat! Trick or
treat”, meaning “Give us a treat or we will play a trick on you”.
Almost all the people treat the children. They give them candy, popcorn,
cookies and apples. The children eat some of their food. But they cannot eat it
all. They carry it home in their baskets. The most common trick is soaping house
and car windows. The children draw pictures or write on the windows with soap.
A favorite Halloween custom is to make a jack-o’-lantern. The children scrape
out a pumpkin and cut the outlines of eyes, nose and mouth in its side. They light
a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends. This custom refers to a man
4
named Jack who still wanders around the earth lighting his way with a pumpkin
lantern.
At Halloween parties the guests wear every kind of costume. Many of
them wear masks. The hosts decorate the rooms with paper moons, witches, bats,
ghosts and black cats. They set jack-o’-lanterns in the windows. The guests often
tell fortunes. A young girl sometimes pares an apple so carefully that the peeling
comes off in a long strip. She throws the peeling on the floor and hopes it will
form the initials of the young man she will marry. Many games played at
Halloween parties date back to the harvest festivals of very ancient times. The
guests often bob for apples floating in tubs of water. Sometimes the guests try
to eat apples which hang by a string from the ceiling. Of course, they must not
use their hands to catch or hold the apples. Sometimes, the guests try to frighten
one another by telling ghost stories around an open fire. But no one is really
frightened.
Christmas Day, December 25. It is usually a one-day official holiday, but
is preceded and followed by festive parties, and marked by special church
services, gift-giving and feasting (to get money for Christmas people join
Christmas clubs). Most churches have Christmas Eve services. The services
usually begin just before midnight on Christmas Eve and end early Christmas
morning. Christmas is a family holiday. Stores, post offices, banks and business
houses close for the day. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New
Year’s Day.
The people stay at home and spend the time with their families. Everybody
tries to come home for Christmas. There are some superstitions associated with
Christmas. To see a familiar face in the blaze of a Yule log at Christmas is the
sign of an early marriage with the person seen. To become engaged on Christmas
is a sure sign of good luck in marriage. To be born on Christmas day is the
prediction of a care-free life. People send cards or Christmas greetings to family
and friends away from home. Some families send or get dozens of Christmas
cards through the mail. They wish their friends “a merry Christmas” and “a
5
happy New Year”. Christmas cards are properly sent to anyone with whom one
is at all acquainted. Many people keep a list of cards sent and received from year
to year. If you do find, after the holidays, that you have forgotten someone, get
in touch with them by telephone or note. Don’t send New Year’s cards to
compensate for not having sent a Christmas card.
When the day before the vacation begins, schools have Christmas parties
and programs. The children sing carols. They recite Christmas poems. They trim
their Christmas tree with strings of colored lights. They use strings of popcorn
and tinsel. They put glass ornaments on the tree. They throw little pieces of white
paper over the tree. They put white paper or a white sheet around the foot of the
tree to look like snow.
At Christmas parties people often use mistletoe to decorate the rooms.
Kissing a girl under the mistletoe insures good fortune. If a girl stands under the
mistletoe this is an invitation to being kissed by any man. If she refuses it is bad
luck; if she is kissed seven times in one day she will marry within a year. Every
house tries to have a Christmas tree, which is decorated with tinsel, colored bulbs
and lights. Sometimes they hang Christmas cookies on it. They also hang little
candy canes for the children on it. Since it is customary for relatives and close
friends to give presents at Christmas time, the presents are placed under the tree.
Christmas as a modern carnival centers around a major superstition. Santa
Claus comes from the north pole in his sleigh, dressed in red cap and jacket,
entering the house through the chimney. He is a merry and fat individual full of
chuckles. He has at his disposal gifts of whatever kind that could be wished for
— nothing is too fabulous nor too trivial for him to provide. Children must be
good and promise exemplary conduct to share in his generosity — but no child is
ever passed by whatever the circumstances, if Santa has his will. Parents have
access to him, smuggling the information he wants, to give all youngsters a
rousing time. His eight reindeers which draw his overladen sleigh pass over the
landscape unseen and yet their harness bells can be heard in the stillness of the
6
night of Christmas eve anywhere. He prefers children to hang up their stockings
— much, much too small receptacles — near the chimney.
Little children believe that when they are asleep, Santa Claus comes to
visit them. When he comes to the roof of the children’s house, Santa gets out of
his sled and comes down the chimney with a big bag of toys. If the children have
been good, Santa fills their stockings with candy, fruits and toys. He also puts
some toys under the tree.
On Christmas morning, the children look in their stockings. They open
their Christmas packages and see their gifts. Usually the whole family has a big
Christmas dinner in the afternoon or evening.
1.3. Say if the statements are true or false :
1.New Year is not one of the most beloved and cherished holidays of the year.
2.St. Valentine’s Day is a legal and national holiday.
3.A “valentine” means a special greeting card or a little present, but it can’t be
the person who receives the gift.
4.At Easter it is customary for people to buy second-hand clothes to wear on
Easter Sunday.
5.There are no superstitions associated with Christmas.
1.4. Answer the questions:
1. How is New Year celebrated?
2.What superstitions are popular at Christmas?
3.What do people exchange on St. Valentine’s Day?
4. What customs are generally observed at Eastertime?
5.How do people decorate their houses at Christmas?
7
1.5.Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1. When midnight comes, …
2. Valentine candy is packed in …
3. Many games played at Halloween parties …
4. To become engaged on Christmas is a sure sign …
5. His eight reindeers which draw his overladen sleigh pass over the
landscape unseen and …
1.6 Render and learn Christmas Vocabulary:
General Words
Christmas Eve
a festival
a family reunion
to celebrate
Christmas cards
Christmas greetings
a white Christmas
stocking stuffers
stockings
yule
yule log
carol singing
Food
eggnog
candy
candy canes
Christmas cookies
Christmas cake
figgy pudding
plum pudding
gingerbread
cranberry sauce
dressing
fruitcake
mince pies
pumpkin pie
roast turkey
8
2. Minor holidays in English-speaking countries.
2.1. Answer the following questions:
1. What is your favourite holiday?
2. Why do you like holidays?
3. Are there any holidays of festivities when it is not necessary to exchange presents?
2.2. Read the text.
All Fools Day, April 1. It is a day for people to play harmless jokes on one
another. Children like to put a purse or package on the sidewalk. The purse may have
paper inside it. The package may be an empty box. If someone tries to pick up the
purse or package, the children pull it away with a string. Then they will call “April
Fool! April Fool!” On this day some newspapers print long articles which turn out
to be jokes. The people read to the end of the articles, only to find that they have
been fooled. Many people play jokes on their friends. Some of the jokes are silly,
but they are harmless.
Earth Day. As an expression of national concern over industrial man’s
pollution of the planet’s environment, April 22 was first marked in 1970 throughout
the country as Earth Day. Rallies were held in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and
Washington D.C.
Arbor Day. In the USA and some other countries, a day in spring that is set
apart for planting trees.
Mother’s Day. Mother’s Day comes on the second Sunday in May. It is a day
when Americans honor their mothers. Most mothers like to celebrate the day with
family reunions. Many people send their mothers a card or a gift. Some people take
their mothers to a restaurant for dinner. It is the custom to wear a red or pink flower
if one’s mother is living. It is the custom to wear a white flower if one’s mother is
dead.
9
Father’s Day. Father’s Day comes on the third Sunday in June. Many people
send their fathers a card or a gift. During the autumn, some colleges celebrate Dad’s
Day. They honor their fathers among the members and friends of the college.
Columbus Day comes on October 12. It is not a national holiday. Banks and
post offices usually close for the day. Schools and stores usually stay open. On
October 12,1492 Columbus discovered the first island in America, the island of San
Salvador in the West Indies.
Forefathers’ Day: It is the anniversary of the day on which the Pilgrims landed
at Plymouth, Mass. Owing to an error in changing the date from the old Style to the
New, it is generally observed on December 22.
2.3. Say if the statements are true or false :
1. All Fools Day is a day for people to play tough jokes on one another.
2. As an expression of national concern over industrial man’s pollution of the
planet’s environment, April 22 was first marked in 1970 throughout the country as
Planet Day
3. In the USA and some other countries, a day in spring that is set apart for planting
shrubs.
4.It is the custom to wear a red or orange flower if one’s mother is living.
5. On October 12,1499 Columbus discovered the first island in America, the island
of San Salvador in the West Indies.
2.4. Answer the questions:
1. When do people call “April Fool! April Fool!”?
2.What is celebrated on the 22d of April?
3.How do people celebrate Arbor Day?
4.Is Columbus Day a national holiday?
5. Where do they celebrate Forefathers’ Day?
10
2.5. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
If someone tries to pick up the purse or package,…
On this day some newspapers print long articles…
Most mothers like to celebrate the day with …
It is the custom to wear a white flower…
It is the anniversary of the day on which…
2.6 Match the words to their definitions.
1. carol a) a chocolate cake shaped like a log and eaten at Christmas
2. wreath b) a wreath, chain, or string made to be worn for celebration
or decoration, esp. one made of flowers, leaves, vines, or the
like.
3. yule log c) an evergreen plant with prickly dark green leaves and red
berries
4. eggnog d) a glittering material with a metallic appearance that is
produced in strips, sheets, or the like and used for its
decorative effect, esp. at Christmas.
5. holly e) a model of the scene of Jesus Christ’s birth, placed in
churches and homes at Christmas
6. tinsel f) a religious song or popular hymn that people sing at
Christmas
7. Magi g) a Christian holy day on January 6th that celebrates the day
when the Three Kings came to see the baby Jesus
8. garland h) a traditional Christmas drink made of beaten eggs, milk or
cream, and sugar.
9. Epiphany i) a circular band, usu. of flowers or foliage woven or twisted
together, used as a symbol or decoration.
10. crèche j) the three wise men who brought gifts to the baby Jesus,
according to the Christian religion
11
3. American holidays.
3.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What US national holidays do you know?
2. What are typically American holidays?
3. What is the most popular holiday in the USA?
3.2 Read the text.
American holidays are strikingly different in origin and show surprising
similarities in the manner of their celebration. A number of American holidays
incorporate typically European features, like the Italian parades with religious
banners, brass bands on Columbus Day, the parading and arraying of Irish green on
St. Patrick’s Day, the German „schuzenfesten“ (shooting contests) and family
picnics on mid-summer holidays.
These old-world traditions, transplanted to new-world soil, gradually
assumed a character more or less unique to the various regions of the USA.
American celebrations have had a distinctive mixture of “spread-eagle” oratory,
patriotic parades, fireworks in the evening, band concerts, and sometimes such
sports as baseball games between “Married Men” and “Bachelors”.
Most of the other holidays represent native developments. No matter what the
holiday’s origin is, they all seem to be the same thing. What people do on the
Fourth of July is likely to be just what they also do on Memorial or Labor Day.
Thanksgiving and Christmas retain some individuality, but even they have
lost their religious aspect and are levelled to the general sameness. A holiday has
simply become, for most Americans, a day off from work. In the society of big
business, commercialism has become the chief factor in directing the course of
American holidays. Even the Bicentennial (the 200th anniversary of the USA),
because of its excessive commercialism, has been dubbed by the people the “Buy
Centennial”.
12
Washington’s Birthday, February 22. In addition to commemorating the birth
of the United States’ first President (“father of his country)”; “first in war, first in
peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”, it is a great day for shoppers. The
department stores of Washington D.C. started a national tradition of sales marked
by unusual bargains.
It is not a national holiday. Many schools, offices and banks close for the day,
some stay open. Congress observes the birthday of George Washington with
speeches and readings from his works.
Memorial Day, May 30. It is a national holiday. Schools, offices and banks
close for the day. On that day, Americans honor the servicemen who gave their lives
in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate the cemeteries. They put up flags
on the graves of army, navy and airmen. They hold memorial services in churches,
halls, parks and cemeteries. They hang American flags on the main streets of the
towns.
If you listen to radio or TV on Memorial Day you may hear many patriotic
songs, especially songs of the Civil War. In addition to solemn services Memorial
Day is often marked by other, more joyful ceremonies: parades that are very
colorful in small towns and baseball double-headers.
In the South they have Confederate Memorial Day. It is a day set aside to pay
tribute to those who served with the Confederate forces during the Civil War. It is
observed on April 26 in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi, on May 30 in
Virginia, and on June 3 in Kentucky, Louisiana and Tennessee.
Fourth of July or Independence Day; It is the day on which the anniversary
of the Declaration of Independence is celebrated in the USA. It is a national public
holiday. The Fourth of July (the “Glorious Fourth”) is usually celebrated with
fireworks and speeches praising “Americanism, democracy, free enterprise”, etc.
Labor Day, the first Monday in September: The unofficial end of the summer
holiday season, marked by most people at the beach or the family barbecue.
13
People often speak of Labor Day and the Saturday and Sunday just before it as
the “longest week end”. It is the last real holiday of summer. It marks the end of
summer and the beginning of autumn.
Veterans Day. Public offices and many schools close for the day. Some
schools close for half a day. The fighting in World War I ended on November 11,
1918. The Germans signed a truce or armistice with the Allies. For many years this
holiday was called Armistice Day. Now it is called Veterans Day.
On Veterans Day, the radio and television broadcast popular songs from both
World Wars. In the morning they broadcast services held at the National Cemetery
in Arlington, Virginia. High officials come from Washington to attend these
services. They place a wreath of flowers at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All
stand in silence for a few minutes at eleven o’clock to honor the memory of
servicemen killed in war.
Thanksgiving Day. In the USA it is a national holiday on the fourth Thursday
in November. It was first celebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers, after their first
good harvest “Mayflower”), “Mayflower Compact”, Plymouth Rock, Plymouth
Colony. Ever since the Pilgrims gave thanks for their survival in the new land in
1621, Americans have flocked to their churches “to add their own prayers for their
country”. Most churches hold Thanksgiving services.
Thanksgiving is a family day, for it is customary for all members of the family
to gather at the home of their parents. The family eats a large traditional dinner which
will include turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. Many people go to football
games. Some play games at home.
3.3 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.What people do on the Fourth of July is not likely to be just what they also
do on Memorial or Labor Day.
2.Congress doesn’t observe the birthday of George Washington.
3. The Fourth of July or Independence Day is the day on which the anniversary
of the Declaration of Independence is celebrated in the USA.
14
4. For many years Veterans Day was called Armistice Day.
5. Thanksgiving Day is not a national holiday on the fourth Thursday in
November.
3.4 Answer the questions:
1. What assumed a unique character in the various regions of the USA?
2.When do they celebrate Independence Day?
3.Could you name some American holidays that incorporated typically
European features?
4.What do people eat on Thanksgiving Day?
5. How is Veterans Day celebrated?
3.5 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.A number of American holidays incorporate typically European features,…
2.Thanksgiving and Christmas retain some individuality, but…
3.If you listen to radio or TV on Memorial Day…
4.The Fourth of July (the “Glorious Fourth”) is usually celebrated with…
5.All stand in silence for a few minutes at eleven o’clock to…
3.6 Explain the following Americanisms:
the Fourth of July, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, the
Bicentennial, Arbor Day, Poppy Day, Columbus Day, Independence Day, Veterans
Day, Washington’s Day, Easter Parade, egg-hunt, Easter rabbit, Halloween, jack-o’-
lantern, Santa Claus, New Year resolutions, Earth Day, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day,
Forefathers’ Day, Patriot’s Day, Confederate Memorial Day.
15
4. Holidays honored mainly in certain areas.
4.1. Answer the following questions:
1. What minor holidays do you know?
2. Should we celebrate religious holidays? Why? Why not?
3. Could you name some ethnic and regional holidays celebrated in the US?
4.2. Read the text.
St. Patrick’s Day, March 17. The patron saint of Ireland is honored particularly
in New York and Boston, by a huge parade and the wearing of a bit of green by
nearly everybody in town.
Patriot’s Day, Mid-April. The outbreak of the Revolutionary War is celebrated
around Boston not only with parades but with re-enactment of the events that got
United States started.
Mardi Gras [‘mα:di ‘grα:], January: A holiday in New Orleans, Louisiana,
celebrated with masquerading floats, processions and noisy merry-making. This
is the gaudiest and most famous fiesta in the United States, rivalling the great
carnivals of Latin America (Rio, Trinidad, etc.). The climax comes on Shrove
Tuesday when the great parade, led by Rex, King of the Carnival, and other
parades and crowds of merry-makers snake through the streets. The Carnival
season includes a series of costume balls, beginning in January, but these are
private affairs closed to all but natives of the city and their personal guests.
4.3. Answer the questions:
1. What is the patron saint of Ireland?
2. How is St. Patrick’s Day celebrated in New York?
3. What is re-enactment on Patriot’s Day?
4. How is Mardi Gras celebrated?
5. What does the Carnival season include ?
16
4.4. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1. The patron saint of Ireland is honored …
2. The outbreak of the Revolutionary War is celebrated …
3. This is the gaudiest and most famous fiesta …
4. The climax comes on Shrove Tuesday when …
5. The Carnival season includes…
4.5 Draw a line to connect words, phrases and proper names:
fireworks
trick or treat
“The Night Before Christmas”
turkey dinner
“I have a dream”
egg-rolling
Santa Claus
“White Christmas”
plum pudding
“A Christmas carol”
carnival
jack-o’-lantern
cherry tree
“Gettysburg Address”
New Year
Christmas
Fourth of July
Halloween
Thanksgiving Day
Martin Luther King’s Day
George Washington’s Day
Abraham Lincoln’s Day
Mardi Gras
Easter
4.6 Render the text into Russian:
Christmas Customs in the UK — What’s Cooking for Christmas?
Mince pies are the first sign of Christmas in the UK. These tiny tartlets, often
served with mulled wine, start popping up everywhere, from workplace canteens
and coffee corners to the local Starbucks. Shops advertise late opening hours and
fashion shows accompanied by mince pies and mulled wine, Every pre-Christmas
17
gathering, cocktail party and tea party will have a supply. Newspapers usually have
features rating this year’s supermarket and packaged variations. It’s supposed to be
good luck to eat a mince pie every day of December and most people don’t turn them
down when offered. So, by the time the holiday season is over, most people are well
fed-up with mince pies. But whether they like deep or shallow mince pies, Marks
and Spencers or Sainsbury’s, make their own or simply can’t stand them — most Brits
know it’s Christmas from their first mince pie of the season.

1
Практическое занятие №5
Тема 8. Музыка. Кино. Театр. Книги.
План занятия:
1. English music.
2. American music.
3. Hollywood.
1. English music.
1.1 Answer the following questions:
1.What English composers do you know?
2.What English bands do you know?
3. What is the first English song?
They say England is world famous for its literature, painting and its theatre, but
not for great composers. But this is not true. And it can be proved bу the fact that
the earliest surviving English song is said to bе ‘Summer Is Icumen In’ (‘Summer
Has Coming In’), written at Reading Abbey, supposedly by John of Fornsete, about
1240 А. D., is аn important document in the history not only of English music but
also European music, since it is the earliest extant composition in six simultaneous
vocal parts and is the earliest extant example of the art of canon.
Speaking of the English seventeenth-century music we should consider not
merely the splendid quality of Purcell’s best work but the amount of music that he
produced during his short life. This means that the demand for music was great, at
least at Royal Court in London. The reign of the Puritans probably had the effect of
slowing down, though it did not completely halt, the development of music in
England, but the Restoration brought а new stimulus. Charles II started an orchestra
in the French manner and revived the Chapel Royal, in which such brilliant
composers as Pelham Humphrey, John Blow and Henry Purcell received their
2
musical training. But the more important form in England in 17th century, however,
was the masque (theatre).
The earliest surviving English opera is Lockers ‘Psyche’ (text bу Shadwell)
produced in 1675. But more important than this, as they say, is Неnry Purcell’s ореrа
‘Dido and Aenas’, created in 1689 for а girls’ school and celebrated as а triumph of
English music. According to the opinion of musicologists, foreign musicians, such
as, George Frederick Handel, Johann Christian Bach, Music Clementi, Hydn and
others, dominated the 18th-century English musical life.
As to the composers of the 19th century, we should remember that the musical
climate of Victorian England was unfavourable to daring composition. The first
prominent British composer in two hundred years was Sir Edward Elgar (1857 –
1934). His music is full of sound and movement. It derives from an eclectic late 19th
century style. Elgar borrowed elements from Brahms, Strauss, and even Verdi, but
it is stamped with British personality all the same.
Frederik Delius (1862 — 1934) found it essential that music should bе the
expression of а poetic and emotional nature, and indeed his music reminds us of the
English landscape and its seasons: the freshness of spring, the short-lived brilliance
of summer, the sadness of autumn. Не was regarded as the most poetic composer
born in England.
The English renaissance in music was heralded bу an awakening of interest in
the native song and dance. Out of this interest came out а generation of composers.
The most important figure among them was Ralph Vaugham Williams
(1872 — 1958). Не thought that а composer in England should draw inspiration from
life around him. Не was in the first рlасе а melodist. His love of folk tunes was part
of an essentially melodic approach to music. Не favoured old forms — the passacalia,
fugue and concerto grosso, also the Elizabethan fantasia with its flowing
counterpoint.
But light ореrа remained the most popular musical form of the 19th century in
which native British composers produced anything of character or merit. Michael
Baife and Vincent Wallace were the most successful in this field. In the second half
3
of the century another musician of talent appeared — Sir Arthur Sullivan, who again
excelled in light ореrа, оr operetta. His first success, ‘Сох and Вох’, was created in
1867. Не also wrote oratorios and symphonies, but his works in this field were
quickly forgotten, like those of his contemporaries Sir Charles Parry, Sir Charles
Stanford, and Sir Alexander MacKenzie.
During the last two decades of the 19th century several schools of music were
founded, notably bу the Royal College of Music in London, supplementing the
Royal Academy of Music, which has existed since 1882. Both аrе still active
today. And in 1898 the English Folk Song Society was established.
Since the beginning of the 20th century there has been а genuine Renaissance
of music in England. For instance, the London musical festivals between the end of
World War I and the beginning of World War II became the most important in the
world. English composers began to enjoy great popularity in the musical world of
the continent.
At the start of the 1990s, British pop music seemed to be rediscovering the spirit
of the 1960s. Liverpool and London had been the musical powerhouses then, but in
1990s the new pop generation took root in Manchester’s clubland. The birthplace of
acid house music. The new music marks a departure from the unrelaxed mood of the
1980s, and is a declaration of freedom. By 1997 easily the most successful
Manchester group was ‘Oasis’, which consciously linked itself to the Beatles. Other
famous bands of the mid-1990s included ‘Blur and Pulp’, and also the Welsh bands
‘Super Furry Animals’, ‘Manic Street Preachers’ and ‘Catatonia’. Ironically, the
greatest danger such groups face is the pressure of success and the destructive media
attention which accompanies it. That was the fate awaiting the ‘Spice Girls’, who
attracted enormous coverage in 1996-1998.
1.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1. The demand for music wasn’t great at Royal Court in London.
2. Frederik Delius was regarded as the most poetic composer born in England.
3. the Royal College of Music in London and the Royal Academy of Music do
4
not exist today.
4. In 1838 the English Folk Song Society was established.
5. In England the birthplace of acid house music was in Manchester’s clubland
1.3 Answer the questions:
1.What is the earliest surviving English song?
2.What was the effect of the Puritan reign in the England of the 17th century?
3.Who was considered to be the most poetic composer born in England?
4.By what was the English renaissance in music heralded?
5.What schools of music were founded during the last two decades of the 19th
century?
1.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1As to the composers of the 19th century, we should remember that the musical
climate of Victorian England was…
2.Elgar borrowed elements from…
3.Frederik Delius found it essential that music should bе the
expression of…
4.But light ореrа remained the most popular musical form of the 19th century in
which…
5.During the last two decades of the 19th century several schools of music were
founded…
1.5 Render into Russian:
chamber soprano, hoarse voice, husky voice, low-pitched, opulent voice, shrill
voice, feeble voice, rehearsal, anthem, recitative, carol, lullaby, spiritual, tenor.
1.6 Give a summary of the text.
5
2.American music.
2.1 Answer the following questions:
1.What American composers do you know?
2.What American bands do you know?
3. What appeared as a result of blending Puritan hymns and Afro-American music?
Since mainly Europeans settled in the United States, it is not surprising that
classical music and folk-songs were brought over from the continent. Scottish and
Irish ballads, German folk-songs have been sung in America by so many generations
and so often that many Americans do not even know that these songs are of foreign
origin. America produced its own music as well.
American music has assimilated the peculiar rhythm of African music growing
into the American reality together with African slaves. African music was influenced
by Puritan hymns, resulting in Afro-American hymns “spirituals”, which are
considered the highest achievement of American folk art.
In the 19th century Afro-American lyric songs “blues” spread among the white
population. Afro-American musical folklore preserved the rhythm and intonations
of African music, but it was created in America and acquired new features. The usual
topics of blues pieces are unhappy love, alienation, self-pity or longing for home.
Blues has had a great influence on the development of jazz, rock, and other types of
modern music. The most popular modern blues musicians are Bessie Smith, Muddy
Waters and B.B. King.
At the end of the 19th century the first symphonic orchestras were formed in
the USA. The first opera house “Metropolitan Opera” was opened in New York.
Soon a new, truly American genre appeared, called musical, which was a
combination of the European operetta and American music. It became popular and
coexisted with other musical genres. Authors try to use the libretto, songs and dances
to achieve a dramatic effect. The best examples are Loewe’s My Fair Lady and
Bernstein’s West Side Story.
6
In the 20th century another kind of music emerged under the influence of
national music. Jazz was perhaps the Negro’s greatest contribution to American
music. Jazz became popular all over the country. The most famous jazz singers were
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington. Even serious composers like George
Gershwin in America and Stravinski and Ravel in Europe were influenced by
American jazz.
Thirty years later another kind of popular music appeared – big beat (big
rhythm). In 1954 the disc jockey Alan Freed started to broadcast the Afro-American
rhythm-and-blues record. It was called Rock-and-roll after an old blues “My Baby
Rocks Me in a Steady Roll”. White musicians began to imitate this music. The big
white stars were Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. Rock-and-roll conquered Europe.
Among the imitators of Chuck Berry was a group from Liverpool who called
themselves “The Beatles.”
2.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.Blues has had no influence on the development of jazz, rock, and other types of
modern music.
2.The first symphonic orchestras were formed in the USA at the end of the 18th
century.
3.The first opera house “Metropolitan Opera” was opened in Chicago.
4.The most famous jazz singers were Bessie Smith, Muddy Waters and B.B. King.
5.Big rhythm was called Rock-and-roll after an old blues “My Baby Rocks Me in a
Steady Roll”.
2.3Answer the questions:
1.From where were classical music and folk-songs brought to the USA?
2.How was a new truly American genre called?
3.What music spread among the white population in the 19th century in the USA?
4.What music became extremely popular in the 20th century in the USA?
7
5.What are the names of Rock-and-roll white stars?
2.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Scottish and Irish ballads, German folk-songs have been sung in America by so
many generations and so often that…
2.American music has assimilated the peculiar rhythm of African music…
3.Afro-American musical folklore preserved the rhythm and intonations of African
music, but…
4.The usual themes of blues pieces are…
5.Soon a new, truly American genre appeared, called…
2.5 Render the words into Russian.
bagpipe, bass drum, cello, cymbals, fiddle, harp, harpsichord, lute, percussion,
piccolo, strings, tambourine, trumpet, xylophone, wind instruments.
2.6Give a summary of the text.
2.Hollywood.
3.1 Answer the following questions:
1.Where is the centre of film industry in the USA?
2.What is the greatest annual event in Hollywood?
3. What Hollywood stars do you know?
Cinema is an integral part of the social life of people. The movie combines not
only stunts, special effects and scenery, but also the genuine art. Many people go to
8
the cinemas in their free time. The movie hasn’t become less popular over the last
few years, on the contrary — now it is increasing its popularity.
“Hollywood” is the name of a Los Angeles district and it also stands for
American film industry which aims at educating and giving public what it wants. It
was born in the East when ‘Patent Cinema Company’ was established in 1908. It
included eight cinema making firms. Those who didn’t belong went to the West. The
‘independent’ producers soon made half of the American movies.
One of the greatest events in Hollywood is the annual presentation of Oscar,
the legendary figurine which is the highest Award of the American Cinema
Academy.
Every year in February the American press publishes the titles of films which
have been chosen for the contest. On the presentation day there is a magnificent
show in the Los Angeles Music Centre. Awards are given to the best actor, the best
actress, the best script, etc. Foreign films also participate in the competition. Another
tradition is the ceremony of leaving one’s footprints or handprints on the pavement
in front of the Chinese Theatre. Some actors consider it too pompous and ignore the
invitation to the ceremony.
3.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.American film industry was born in the East when ‘Patent Cinema Company’
was established in 1900.
2.Oscar is the highest Award of the American Cinema Academy.
3.Awards are given only to the best actor.
4.Foreign films cannot participate in the competition.
5.On the presentation day there is a magnificent show in the Los Angeles Music
Centre.
3.3 Answer the questions:
1.What do films combine?
9
2.When was American film industry born?
3.Why did many film companies moved to the West at the beginning of the 20th
century?
4.What are prominent actors and film directors awarded with in Hollywood?
5.What traditions are there in Hollywood?
3.4 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.“Hollywood” is the name of a Los Angeles district and…
2.One of the greatest events in Hollywood is…
3.Every year in February the American press publishes the titles of films…
4.Another tradition is…
5. Some actors consider it too pompous and…
3.5 Render into English:
Кино является неотъемлемой частью общественной жизни людей.
Кино сочетает в себе не только трюки, спецэффекты и декорации, но и
настоящее искусство. Много людей ходит в кинотеатры в свободное время. В
силу того, что технические возможности с каждым годом увеличиваются,
посещение кинотеатров находится под угрозой. Теперь любой фильм можно
посмотреть дома, взять фильм напрокат или посмотреть фильм онлайн через
интернет. Тем не менее, кинотеатры тоже не отстают. Все чаще и чаще
появляются кинозалы 3D и многие подобные современные штучки.
3.6 Give a summary of the text.
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1
Практическое занятие № 6
Тема 8. Музыка. Кино. Театр. Книги.
План занятия:
1. The Beatles
2. English theatres
3. Broadway
1.The Beatles.
1.1. Answer the following questions:
1. Could you name all the members of the Beatles?
2. Why did the Beatles break up?
3. What is the most popular Beatles song?
Sir James Paul McCartney is an English musician, singer, songwriter, multiinstrumentalist,
and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo
Starr, he gained worldwide fame as a member of the Beatles, widely regarded as one
of the most popular and influential acts in the history of rock music.
His songwriting partnership with J. Lennon is one of the most celebrated in
the 20th century. Between 1962 and 1969, John Lennon and Paul McCartney’s
partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast
majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue.
J. Lennon, with his cynical edge and knack for introspection, and P.
McCartney, with his storytelling and gift for melody, complemented each other.
Lennon and McCartney formed a critically acclaimed and commercially successful
partnership.
After the band’s break-up in 1970, Paul McCartney pursued a solo career
and later formed Wings. In 1979, Guinness World Records described McCartney as
the “most successful composer and recording artist of all time”, with 60 gold discs
and sales of over 100 million albums and 100 million singles, and as the “most
successful songwriter” in the United Kingdom chart history. More than 2,200 artists
2
have covered his song “Yesterday», more than any other copyrighted song in history.
Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist in March 1999,
McCartney has written, or co-written 32 songs that have reached number one on the
Billboard Hot 100.
As of 2014 he has sold more than 15.5 million RIAA (Recording Industry
Association of America)- certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon,
Harrison and Starr received MBEs in 1965, and in 1997, McCartney was knighted
for his services to music.
1.2. Say if the statements are true or false :
1.Sir James Paul McCartney is an American musician, singer, songwriter, multiinstrumentalist,
and composer.
2.Between 1962 and 1969 John Lennon and Paul McCartney’s partnership
published approximately 100 jointly credited songs.
3.After the band’s break-up in 1980, Paul McCartney pursued a solo career and
later formed Wings.
4. In 1979, Guinness World Records described McCartney as the “most successful
composer and recording artist of all time”.
5. McCartney was knighted for his services to music.
1.3Answer the questions:
2. How many songs did John Lennon and Paul McCartney record?
3. When did the Beatles break up?
4. Who is the most successful composer and recording artist of all time?
5. When did McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr received MBEs?
6. When was McCartney knighted for his services to music?
3
1.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Sir James Paul McCartney is…
2.His songwriting partnership with J. Lennon is…
3.After the band’s break-up in 1970, Paul McCartney…
4.J. Lennon, with his cynical edge and knack for introspection, and P.
McCartney,…
5.McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr received MBEs in 1965, and in 1997…
1.5 Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
1. to prohibit а. место проведения мероприятия
2. to hug b. возглавить хит-парад
3. to kick off с. обнимать
4. to top the charts d. усмирять, держать под
контролем, подчинить себе
5. alien е. запрещать
6. venue f. священный; заветный
7. to master g. чужой; чуждый
8. sacred h. начать встречу
1.6 Give a summary of the text.
4
2.English theatres.
2.1Answer the following questions:
1. Could you name all the members of the Beatles?
2. Why did the Beatles break up?
3. What is the most popular Beatles song?
There are areas of arts in which Britain more confidently excels. British theatre
is among the liveliest and most innovative in the world. Over 300 commercial
theatres operate, 100 of these in London, and about 40 of them in London’s famous
West End. However, the real vitality of British theatre is to be found less in West
End than in the regional, ‘fringe’ and pub theatres all over the country. West End
theatres are essentially commercial. They stage what will fill the house, which means
there is an emphasis on musicals, comedy and other forms of light entertainment.
The centre of theatrical activity in Britain is London. There are about 50
principal theatres in professional use in or near the West End and some 20 in the
suburbs. Most of these are let to producing managements on a commercial basis but
some of them are permanently occupied by subsidised companies, such as the
National Theatre which stages classical and modern plays in its complex of three
theatres on the South Bank of the River Thames. The former Old Vic Company,
which was Britain’s major theatrical touring company, has now taken up residence
in the National Theatre, changing its name to the National Theatre Company. In
addition the Royal Shakespeare Company presents Shakespearean plays at
Stradford-upon-Avon and a mixed repertoire in London.
The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, which receives financial
assistance from the Arts Council, gives regular seasons of opera and ballet. It has its
own orchestra which plays for the Royal Opera and the Royal Ballet. Both
companies have a high international reputation. The English National Opera which
performs in the London Coliseum gives seasons of opera and operetta in English. It
also tours the provinces.
In 1998 the Government announced the formation of the Young Music Trust to
5
develop the musical skills of the young with some money from the National Lottery,
and donations from music charities and companies involved in music business. The
national youth orchestras of Great Britain have established high standards.
There are several thousand amateur dramatic societies in Britain. Most
universities have thriving amateur drama clubs and societies. Every year an
International Festival of University Theatre is held.
Much of the liveliest theatre has grown out of ‘rep’, the repertory movement
which began in Manchester in 1908 and which experienced a major revival from
1958 when the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry was built, the first regional theatre for
over 20 years.
Certain theatres have become particularly famous for their presentation of new
plays and powerful, sometimes controversial productions of classical ones. Among
the better known of these energetic centres of dramatic talent are the Glasgow
Citizen’s, the Sheffield Crucible, the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, the Bristol
Old Vic, the Manchester Royal Exchange, in London the Royal Court and the Lyric
Hammersmith, and others, in Leeds, Liverpool, Nottingham and elsewhere. It is
these theatres, which stage most of the best innovative British drama today.
2.2Say if the statements are true or false :
1.The centre of theatrical activity in Britain is Leeds.
2. The English National Opera which performs in Opera Holland Park gives
seasons of opera and operetta in English.
3. In 2008 the Government announced the formation of the Young Music Trust to
develop the musical skills of the young with some money from the National
Lottery, and donations from music charities and companies involved in music
business.
4. Every two years an International Festival of University Theatre is held.
5.The repertory movement began in London in 1908.
6
2.3Answer the questions:
1.What is meant by a repertory theatre?
2.What Russian theatres are best known in Russia and abroad?
3.Are there any amateur theatres in Great Britain?
4.What is the centre of theatrical activity in Great Britain?
5.When was the Young Music Trust founded?
2.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.There are about 50 principal theatres in professional use…
2.Most of these are let to producing managements on a commercial basis but some
of them…
3.The former Old Vic Company, which was Britain’s major theatrical touring
company,…
4.In addition the Royal Shakespeare Company presents…
5.The Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, which receives financial
assistance from the Arts Council, gives…
2.5 Render the words into Russian: act ,gallery, properties, acting, interval, balcony,
lighting , repertoire ,box, matinee, row, cast, orchestra-pit, stage-manager, company
pit, stalls, produce, theatre-house, director, producer, treatment, dress-circle,
production, professional theatre, the setting of a scene, repertory company, light and
sound effects, amateur theatre, to produce a play, dramatic society.
2.6 Give a summary of the text.
7
3.Broadway
3.1Answer the following questions:
1.What was the longest running musical on Broadway when it closed in 2000?
2.Where is Broadway theatre located?
3. Could you name Broadway’s major playwrights?
Today nо major playwrights dominate the Broadway stage in the way the giants
of past decades once did: from 1920 to 1940 Еugene O’Neill and Clifford Odets,
from 1940 to 1960 Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller and William Inge. Since 1960
there have been nо playwrights quite оn the level of these, although many talented
writers have emerged, such as Edward Albee, Sam Shepard and Neil Simon. In the
past quarter century the focus has increasingly shifted away from Broadway to
distant regions of the country, and energy, poetic imagination and vitality have
sparked the American theater in а host of institutions across the country.
Two significant changes have taken place: first, the decentralization of
theatrical activity, which has resulted in а nation of theaters rather than а nation
whose theater is housed in the few square blocks in Manhattan, New York City,
known as Broadway; and second, the encouragement of writers throughout
the nation to develop plays rather than to write scripts which аrе then presented to а
Broadway producer for final judgment. These two changes in the pattern of
playmaking in the United States have caused а radical shift in the kinds of plays
produced and the kinds of writers nurtured. In fact, America finally has а national
theater, although it is not the kind of national theater one associates with the National
Theatre of England or the Moscow Art Theater. Instead, it is а loose network of
theaters presenting material that both reflects and illuminates American society, а
society that continues to be а melting pot full of energy and variety.
No longer dominated bу the tyranny of Broadway moguls, American
theater now includes around 400 professional not-for-profit companies in
cities across the country. Most of these have evolved over the last 20 years, since the
establishment of the National Endowment for the Arts. Therefore, American theater
8
is now made up of both commercial and nonprofit interests. In New York City itself,
for example, the theater world is divided between the commercial producers of
Broadway and the scattered, smaller, not-for-profit theaters known as ‘off-
Broadway’.
For more than а century Broadway was а stable and profitable community,
originating its own shows, which some would describe as manufacturing its own
products, Broadway produced show business. Broadway рrоducers tested their
wares out-of-town in оnе of the major northeastern cities (Boston, Philadelphia,
Washington or New Haven), opened in Маnhattan, and then, depending on а play’s
success оr failure as determined bу the New York newspaper critics, toured the
country, sometimes with the original cast, more frequently with а second company.
3.2 Say if the statements are true or false :
1.From 1940 to 1960 Tennessee Williams as a playwright dominate the Broadway
stage.
2.In the past quarter century the focus has not shifted away from Broadway.
3.Broadway is housed in the few square blocks in Manhattan, New York City.
4.America has no national theater.
5.American theater now includes around 600 professional not-for-profit companies
in cities across the country.
3.3Answer the questions:
1.What changes have taken place in an American theater?
2.What is housed in the few square blocks in Manhattan, New York City?
3.Has America finally а national theater?
4.What is an American national theater?
5.Where did Broadway рrоducers test their wares?
9
3.4Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
1.Two significant changes have taken place:…
2.These two changes in the pattern of playmaking in the United States have caused…
3.In New York City itself, for example, the theater world is divided between…
4.For more than а century Broadway was а stable and profitable community…
5.Broadway рrоducers tested their wares…
3.5 Render into Russian:
Walt Disney was born in Chicago in 1901, his father being Irish Canadian,
his mother of German-American origin. Walt revealed a talent for drawing and an
interest in photography and at fourteen he received permission from his father to
attend Saturday morning classes at the Kansas City Art Institute. Walt loved jokes,
which he collected and stored for the future use. As a teenager he discovered motion
pictures, and earned some money doing imitations of Charlie Chaplin.
After service with the Ambulance Corps in the First World War, Walt
returned to Kansas City, full of ideas and impatient to start a career. He worked as a
cartoonist and a plain draftsman, struggling against poverty for some years.
But it was not until 1928, when «Steamboat Willie» appeared, the first
«Mickey Mouse» with sound, that he achieved lasting success. Mickey Mouse
became a household word together with such names as Minnie, Pluto and Donald
Duck.
What was Disney’s strong point, was his imagination, his ability to come up
with original ideas, to create amusing characters and carry every project through. A
first-class editor, he had a talent for rejecting needless details from a cartoon. In
addition to that, he was never satisfied with repeating a successful pattern—he used
new techniques, experimented with sound, then with color. Walt Disney, the man
who wanted to give happiness to all, died in California at the age of 65.
3.6 Give a summary of the text.
10

1
Практическое занятие № 10
Тема 9. Деловые письма, CV. Собеседование при приеме на работу. Ведение
телефонных разговоров . Международный деловой этикет.
План занятия:
1. A covering letter.
2. Telephone conversations.
1.A covering letter.
1.1. Answer the following questions:
1. What should be included in a covering letter?
2. What is the American variant for a covering letter?
2. Should a a covering letter be written in formal language?
Here is а model for а covering letter.
Your address
Your email address
Date (23 Мау 20—)
Company name
Company address
Dear Mr/Ms (Name),
I am writing to apply for the position оf______advertised оn your company’s
website. Having read the job description, I believe that my academic record and
interpersonal skills make mе а strong candidate for the position.
2
I am а finаl-уеаr student and will shortly be grаduаting from_____ Univеrsitу
with а BA in Business Administration. Last summer I spent three months gaining
practical experience in_____, during а traineeship (BrЕ) / internship (АmЕ) at
(organisation) in (city). Му responsibilities there included organizing /
implementing / developing ______.
As you will see from my CV, last year I spent an exchange semester at the
University of________. Му experience of studying in (language) and wоrking in
(country) have taught mе how to live алd wоrk in different environments, and given
me some experience of intercultural communication and working with diverse
teams.
I am fluent in______and English.
I am available for an interview at your convenience and look forward to hearing
from you.
Yours sincerely,
Your handwritten signature
Your name, typed
2.2 If a company is going to hire new staff, in what order should it carry out the steps
listed below.
A either hire an employment agency, or advertise a vacancy
B establish whether there is an internal candidate who can be promoted
C examine the job description for the post
D invite the shortlisted candidates for an interview
E make a final selection
3
F receive applications, covering letters and CVs and make a shortlist
G write to all other candidates to inform them that they have been unsuccessful.
2.3 Write a covering letter.
2.Telephone conversations.
2.1Answer the following questions:
1. Why do leaders need to be effective communicators?
2. What can managers do to improve communications within their
organizations?
3. How can effective telephone communication build success in today’s
business environment?
Telephone is the most frequently used means of communication in business
because it’s the quickest way to get or pass information. Preliminary negotiations
are often carried out over the phone.
Тhе telephone mау bе оnе of the most powerful, efficient and cost-effective
business tools you have at your disposal. If things start out badly on the рhоnе, they
mау never progress beyond the first call. Whether you use the phone for customer
service or for sales calls as part of а telemarketing strategy, telephone mаnners and
etiquette are critical components of а professional image.
Through experience, you’ll develop your own telephone style. You also find
customers and prospects responding positively when you and your employees smile,
listen and show interest! Тhе following tips will help you use your ‘telephone tool’
to its fullest:
— Smile when you are on the phone; your customers will hear it;
— Answer the phone pleasantly and maintain а pleasant demeanor while on the
phone;
— Never answer the phone with food in your mouth or try to eat quietly while talking;
— Return all phone calls within 48 hours;
4
— When you give а call and you know might be long, ask if it’s convenient to talk
before you begin the conversation;
— keep in mind what you are going say before making an important call;
— Make а telephone appointment when you are planning a long (15 minutes or more)
conversation with someone who is very busy;
— Listen and respond to the person on the other end of the line. When you focus оn
them rather than on what you are going to say next, the phone call becomes much
more conversational.
Your voice is your personality over the telephone. It makes an immediate
impression that can portray you as friendly or unfriendly, confident
or shy, spontaneous or mechanical, relaxed or nervous.
2.2 Render and learn the phrases into Russian:
Hello. I’d like to speak to …, please.
Can I have a word with…?
Could you put me through to…, please?
Who is speaking?
Mr. … is speaking.
You’ve hot the wrong number.
Is that Mr. …?
Speaking.
It’s the wrong number.
Sorry to have bothered you.
The line is engaged.
Could you hold on a minute?
I am afraid she/he is out at the moment.
Can I take your message?
I have managed to get through.
Will you leave a message?
How may I help you?
5
2.3 Render into English:
Вы хотите что-нибудь передать,
Соедините меня, пожалуйста, с господином Смитом.
Не вешайте трубку, пожалуйста.
Кто говорит,
Говорит господин Смит.
2.4 Render into Russian:
Negotiation Tips:
1.Don’t be afraid to ask. Negotiators often fail to raise an issue because they don’t
think they have a chance of success. Not only do good negotiators ask for everything
they want, they also make sure they don’t end up with something they don’t want.
Be confident about what you do and don’t want.
2.Never negotiate against yourself. Once you make an offer, wait for a response
before making another offer. By waiting, you avoid the possibility of rejecting your
own offer and making further concessions in a revised offer. If you don’t wait, it
encourages the other side to hold off its response in hopes of getting a better offer,
and you lose the opportunity to learn from the other side’s response.
3.Get it in writing. When parties fail to live up to an agreement, written proof of
the negotiators’ intent is critical. First, it enables you to avoid «he said, she said»
bickering, and helps those in charge of resolving the dispute know what was
intended. Written agreements also are helpful if the original negotiators change jobs
or aren’t around anymore, and they are proof that you did your job correctly.
4.Prepare. To paraphrase an old cliche, the three most important things about a
negotiation are preparation, preparation, and preparation.
5.Determine the extent of the other side’s authority. When negotiating with
someone with authority, the goal is to reach agreement. It doesn’t matter if the other
6
side understands your position as long as they’ve agreed with it. Try to deal with
deal-makers, when possible.
9. Prepare Thoughtfully to Achieve Your Goals
This is the only aspect of your negotiations you can completely control. To take
advantage of all of the above advice, you have to invest a significant amount of your
time and energy.
7. Don’t be in a hurry. Anyone who has negotiated in Asia, South America, or the
Middle East will tell you that people in those cultures look at time differently than
we do in North America and Europe. They know that if you rush, you are more likely
to make mistakes and leave money on the table. Your patience can be devastating to
the other negotiator if they are in a hurry because they start to believe that you are
not under pressure to conclude the deal.
8.Listen to the other side. Good negotiators are good listeners and good
communicators, not just good talkers. By listening, observing behavior and body
language, and being attentive, you can learn things that will further your interests.
You’ll learn more asking good, open-minded questions than you will by crossexamining
the other side. Be willing to brain-storm and explore options, and be
empathetic. The person on the other side may have real problems that can affect the
negotiations, such as a difficult boss. By showing some empathy, there’s a better
chance of working to address the issues. Think of the negotiation as a problem that
both sides are working to solve together.
9.There is no substitute for discussion. Many people don’t like to argue, and,
therefore, sometimes fail to discuss important issues. Negotiations should not be
arguments, but avoiding tough issues is not productive.
10.Avoid form contracts. Form contracts merely drive negotiators toward a
predetermined (by one side) result or take an elegant negotiation and reshape it into
something ugly. The draft contract must be straightforward and 100 percent
reflective of the negotiation. Finally, never sign anything that you have not read
completely and understood fully.